深層疊前反演與儲層評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 13:15
【摘要】：隨著淺層、常規(guī)油氣資源獲取難度的增大,發(fā)展針對深層、超深層與非常規(guī)油氣儲層的地震勘探技術越來越成為人們關注的熱點。楊氏模量、泊松比、體積模量與剪切模量等是表征巖體性質與流體信息重要的彈性參數。通過對儲層巖石的彈性參數做定量估計,可以預測巖石和流體的性質,如孔隙度、泥質含量、以及含水飽和度等這些信息對于油氣儲層的評價以及后續(xù)的勘探、開發(fā)工作都非常關鍵。疊前AVO反演技術是當前油氣勘探領域最重要的分析方法之一,也是獲取地下介質彈性參數的重要手段,該技術的核心是描述地震波反射傳播規(guī)律的反射系數方程。相較于中淺部勘探目標而言,針對深層勘探目標的地震疊前資料常缺失遠角道集數據,使三參數AVO反演方程提取的參數矩陣面臨較大的不穩(wěn)定性,并且將由此產生的誤差傳遞到最終的反演數據體中,降低反演彈性參數的準確性與可靠性�；谝陨显�,本文在反射波法AVO理論的基礎上,通過推導巖石物理彈性參數關系,發(fā)展出兩種適用于深層—超深層油氣儲層,能夠直接反演楊氏模量、泊松比、體積模量、剪切模量的兩項式反射系數方程,構建相應反演技術,并據此對實際地震勘探資料進行AVO疊前反演,完成儲層評價。具體說來,本文完成如下工作:(1)研究AVO反演基本理論,討論關鍵巖石物理彈性參數之間的關系,然后在此基礎上,通過合理建立速度與密度的關系,發(fā)展出可以直接反演楊氏模量、泊松比的兩項式AVO反射系數近似方程,并利用模型與測試數據證明了新方法的可靠性;(2)在(1)的基礎上建立直接反演體積模量、剪切模量的兩項式AVO方程,并引入基于以上兩種彈性參數的流體識別因子。模型數據試算和測試地震數據反演都表明新方法對于儲層流體檢測的有效性;(3)楊氏模量與泊松比可表征巖石的脆性,體積模量與剪切模量合成的流體因子對儲層流體有較強的敏感性。綜合利用本文發(fā)展的反演方法對缺失遠角道集的疊前地震數據做AVO反演,從巖性與流體兩方面完成實際工區(qū)的儲層評價,解釋結果與測井資料和實際開發(fā)情況吻合較好,表現(xiàn)出本文研究的理論與實際應用價值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing difficulty of obtaining conventional oil and gas resources in shallow layers, the seismic exploration technology for deep, ultra-deep and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has become a hot topic. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, volume modulus and shear modulus are important elastic parameters to characterize the properties of rock mass and fluid information. By quantitatively estimating the elastic parameters of reservoir rocks, it is possible to predict the properties of rocks and fluids, such as porosity, shale content, and water saturation, for the evaluation and subsequent exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. Development is critical. Pre-stack AVO inversion technique is one of the most important analytical methods in the field of oil and gas exploration, and is also an important means to obtain elastic parameters of underground media. The core of this technique is the reflection coefficient equation which describes the law of seismic wave reflection and propagation. Compared with mid-shallow exploration targets, the seismic prestack data of deep exploration targets often lack far-angle gather data, which makes the parameter matrix extracted by three-parameter AVO inversion equation more unstable. The resulting errors are transferred to the final inversion data volume to reduce the accuracy and reliability of the inversion elastic parameters. For the above reasons, based on the AVO theory of reflection wave method and by deducing the relation of rock physical elastic parameters, two kinds of reservoir are developed, which can directly invert Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and volume modulus. Based on the reflection coefficient equation of shear modulus, the corresponding inversion technique is constructed, and the AVO prestack inversion of the actual seismic exploration data is carried out to complete the reservoir evaluation. Specifically, the work of this paper is as follows: (1) the basic theory of AVO inversion is studied, and the relationship between the key rock physical and elastic parameters is discussed, and then the relationship between velocity and density is reasonably established. An approximate equation of AVO reflection coefficient which can directly inverse Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is developed, and the reliability of the new method is proved by using the model and test data. (2) on the basis of (1), the direct inversion of volume modulus is established. The AVO equation of shear modulus and the fluid identification factor based on the above two elastic parameters are introduced. Both model data and seismic data inversion show that the new method is effective for reservoir fluid detection. (3) Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can characterize the brittleness of rock. The fluid factors combined with volume modulus and shear modulus are sensitive to reservoir fluids. Using the inversion method developed in this paper, the AVO inversion of prestack seismic data with missing far-angle gathers is made, and the reservoir evaluation of the actual working area is completed from the lithology and fluid aspects. The interpretation results are in good agreement with the logging data and the actual development situation. It shows the theoretical and practical application value of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13
本文編號：2132012
[Abstract]:With the increasing difficulty of obtaining conventional oil and gas resources in shallow layers, the seismic exploration technology for deep, ultra-deep and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has become a hot topic. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, volume modulus and shear modulus are important elastic parameters to characterize the properties of rock mass and fluid information. By quantitatively estimating the elastic parameters of reservoir rocks, it is possible to predict the properties of rocks and fluids, such as porosity, shale content, and water saturation, for the evaluation and subsequent exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. Development is critical. Pre-stack AVO inversion technique is one of the most important analytical methods in the field of oil and gas exploration, and is also an important means to obtain elastic parameters of underground media. The core of this technique is the reflection coefficient equation which describes the law of seismic wave reflection and propagation. Compared with mid-shallow exploration targets, the seismic prestack data of deep exploration targets often lack far-angle gather data, which makes the parameter matrix extracted by three-parameter AVO inversion equation more unstable. The resulting errors are transferred to the final inversion data volume to reduce the accuracy and reliability of the inversion elastic parameters. For the above reasons, based on the AVO theory of reflection wave method and by deducing the relation of rock physical elastic parameters, two kinds of reservoir are developed, which can directly invert Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and volume modulus. Based on the reflection coefficient equation of shear modulus, the corresponding inversion technique is constructed, and the AVO prestack inversion of the actual seismic exploration data is carried out to complete the reservoir evaluation. Specifically, the work of this paper is as follows: (1) the basic theory of AVO inversion is studied, and the relationship between the key rock physical and elastic parameters is discussed, and then the relationship between velocity and density is reasonably established. An approximate equation of AVO reflection coefficient which can directly inverse Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is developed, and the reliability of the new method is proved by using the model and test data. (2) on the basis of (1), the direct inversion of volume modulus is established. The AVO equation of shear modulus and the fluid identification factor based on the above two elastic parameters are introduced. Both model data and seismic data inversion show that the new method is effective for reservoir fluid detection. (3) Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can characterize the brittleness of rock. The fluid factors combined with volume modulus and shear modulus are sensitive to reservoir fluids. Using the inversion method developed in this paper, the AVO inversion of prestack seismic data with missing far-angle gathers is made, and the reservoir evaluation of the actual working area is completed from the lithology and fluid aspects. The interpretation results are in good agreement with the logging data and the actual development situation. It shows the theoretical and practical application value of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13
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，本文編號：2132012
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