本文選題：生物成因氣 + 熱成因氣�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以吐哈盆地大南湖和準噶爾盆地阜康礦區(qū)內的低階煤為研究對象,在煤巖煤質、孔隙結構、元素和礦物組成分析的基礎上,開展了低階煤生物成因氣與熱成因氣模擬,分析了兩種模擬方式產(chǎn)出氣的組分、產(chǎn)率以及碳氫同位素組成特征,找到了煤巖遭受降解的生物標志化合物證據(jù),提出了具有次生生物作用的生物氣成因綜合判據(jù),闡釋了低階煤生物降解結構演化機制,揭示了熱解烷烴氣碳同位素變化的原因,分析了熱解烷烴氣組分、碳同位素組成與結構演化的關系。主要的研究成果如下:(1)生物降解產(chǎn)出氣主要以CH4和CO2為主,幾乎不含重烴氣,且隨降解時間的延續(xù),兩者含量變化具有同步效應,均呈現(xiàn)“波折式”緩慢上升。生物氣的δ13C1值越輕,δ13CCO2值越重,兩者呈“鏡像”對稱關系,主要由于氣體同位素組成對母質的繼承效應,使得輕碳同位素被分餾到CH4中,重碳同位素被分餾到CO2中。(2)煤中的可溶和不可溶有機質在生物作用的過程中均會遭受生物降解,生物降解方式是多元化的,其改造作用使得長鏈正構烷烴“波浪式”地逐級向低碳數(shù)方向偏移;在低階煤可溶有機質中檢測到了與生物改造作用有關的C29-藿稀、C30-藿稀和C29~C32—ββ生物藿烷系列,以及C24四環(huán)二萜烷和C31~C34五環(huán)三萜等生物標志化合物,為生物成因氣的判識提供了有力證據(jù)。(3)生物降解過程中,微生物對脂族結構降解力度較大,芳香結構在一定程度上也可以降解,且發(fā)現(xiàn)生物降解作用具有兩面性,即可促進也可阻礙芳構化進程。(4)熱解過程中CH4、C2H6和C3H8的碳同位素變化的原因,在Ro,max2.0%之前主要是脂鏈傾向性斷裂造成的,Ro,max2.0%以后可能主要是含重碳同位素的環(huán)內物質被脫除進入產(chǎn)物造成的。而且Ro,max=1.3%和2.0%是熱解烷烴氣組分、碳同位素組成與結構演化的分界點。論文的研究成果對于豐富和完善低煤階儲層煤層氣成因機理具有指導作用。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of coal quality, pore structure, element and mineral composition of low-rank coal in the mining area of Donanhu Lake and Junggar Basin in Turpan-Hami Basin, the biogenic gas and thermal gas of low-rank coal are simulated. In this paper, the composition, yield and hydrocarbon isotopic composition of gas produced by two simulation methods are analyzed. The evidence of biomarker for coal and rock degradation is found, and a comprehensive criterion of biogas genesis with secondary biological action is put forward. The evolution mechanism of biodegradable structure of low-rank coal is explained, the reason of carbon isotope variation in pyrolytic alkane gas is revealed, and the relationship between composition, carbon isotope composition and structure evolution of pyrolytic alkane gas is analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) Ch _ 4 and CO _ 2 are the main biodegradable gas, almost no heavy hydrocarbon gas, and with the degradation time, the changes of the two contents have the synchronous effect, both of which show a "zigzag" slow rise. The lighter the 未 13C1 value of biogas, the heavier 未 13CCO _ 2 value is. The two have a "mirror" symmetry relationship. Mainly due to the inheritance effect of gas isotopic composition to parent material, light carbon isotopes are fractionated into Ch _ 4. Heavy carbon isotopes are fractionated into CO2. (2) both soluble and insoluble organic matter in coal are biodegradable in the process of biological action. The modification resulted in the "wave-like" shift of long-chain n-alkanes to the direction of low carbon number, and the series of C29- and C32- 尾 biocarianes related to biotransformation were detected in the dissolved organic matter of low-rank coal. The biomarkers C24 tetracyclic diterpene and C31C34 pentacyclic triterpenoids provide strong evidence for the identification of biogenic gases. (3) in the process of biodegradation, the biodegradation of lipids is strong by microorganisms. The aromatic structure can also be degraded to a certain extent, and it is found that biodegradation has two sides, which can not only promote or hinder the process of aromatization. (4) the reasons for the carbon isotope changes of Ch _ 4C _ 2H _ 6 and C _ 3H _ 8 during pyrolysis. After Romax 2.0%, which was mainly caused by the tendency fracture of lipid chain, it may be mainly caused by the removal of the material in the ring containing heavy carbon isotope into the product. In addition, 1.3% and 2.0% of Roomax are the boundary points between the composition of pyrolytic alkane gas, the composition of carbon isotope and the evolution of structure. The research results of this paper can be used to enrich and perfect the formation mechanism of coalbed methane in low rank reservoirs.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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