本文選題：巖體邊坡 + 有限元法�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：邊坡中常常因為地質(zhì)成因和構(gòu)造影響產(chǎn)生節(jié)理、裂隙、斷層或軟弱夾層等不穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)面，這些結(jié)構(gòu)面的存在會對邊坡的穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生重大影響。若這些不穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)面相互連接，貫通巖體邊坡，將會導(dǎo)致滑坡、傾倒等重大工程事故。這些事故一旦發(fā)生，其所導(dǎo)致的后果是難以預(yù)計的。若要處理這些軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面，所需要花費的工程費用十分龐大且難以徹底清除。因此對巖體邊坡抗滑穩(wěn)定性能的核算分析是一項重要而普遍的工程問題。 邊坡抗滑穩(wěn)定性分析這一課題自提出至今研究者們創(chuàng)造了諸多的驗算方法，并且經(jīng)過實際工程的驗證形成了一套完整而成熟的理論體系。但是，由于多種因素對巖體邊坡穩(wěn)定性都有不可忽略的影響，且各原理在分析的過程中均不能將這些因素完全考慮。現(xiàn)行巖體邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析的理論有其各自的優(yōu)缺點，時至今日仍沒有形成統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范和客觀準(zhǔn)確的評價方法。因此，有必要對邊坡穩(wěn)定問題進行更深入的探討。 本文探討了巖體邊坡穩(wěn)定分析中的傳統(tǒng)有限元應(yīng)力代數(shù)和計算方法中存在的不足，提出了考慮滑裂面方向夾角因素的有限元應(yīng)力積分剩余推力法，并對使用兩種方法計算得到的安全系數(shù)進行了對比分析。對不完全貫通軟弱夾層巖體邊坡的最終破裂面進行了搜索，試圖尋找到安全系數(shù)最小的滑裂面即最危險滑裂面。具體研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)提出了考慮軟弱夾層夾角影響的有限元應(yīng)力積分分析計算方法的原理及求解思路，本文稱其為有限元應(yīng)力積分剩余推力等安全系數(shù)法。傳統(tǒng)有限元應(yīng)力代數(shù)和法所求得的安全系數(shù)僅僅是各滑裂面上抗滑力與滑動力代數(shù)和相加后的比值，沒有考慮到各滑裂面間方向夾角對安全系數(shù)的影響，其所得結(jié)果的下滑破壞面與工程實際破壞情況有較大偏差。本文提出的方法將充分考慮方向夾角的影響，在等安全系數(shù)的前提下，材料所發(fā)揮的粘聚力和摩擦系數(shù)為ci/k，fi/k。求出各滑裂面上的滑動力和抗滑力，二者之差所得結(jié)果若為正值則視為該滑裂面上的剩余滑動力，反之則稱其為剩余抗滑力。計算各滑裂面上所得的剩余滑動力（抗滑力）在主抗滑面方向上的平衡條件，即可求得整個滑裂面上的安全系數(shù)k。 (2)將所提出的有限元應(yīng)力積分剩余推力等安全系數(shù)法的算法用FORTRAN語言進行編寫，，用方便、高效、快捷的計算機語言來解決復(fù)雜的計算過程，同時也為該方法的運用及推廣開闊了前景。 (3)使用算例對兩種方法所求得的安全系數(shù)進行對比分析，闡明在加入滑裂面間夾角因素的有限元應(yīng)力積分剩余推力分析法求得的安全系數(shù)是客觀確定的，而傳統(tǒng)有限元應(yīng)力代數(shù)和法有不確定性和簡化性。同時，最小安全系數(shù)破裂面方向有悖于工程常識現(xiàn)象。 (4)在實際工程中，巖體邊坡中的軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面往往是不完全貫通的。巖體最終破壞時的滑裂面走向成為本文研究的重要課題。本文通過對一個含有兩條軟弱夾層的不完全貫通巖體邊坡進行分析研究。通過改變滑裂面的初始破裂點位置和滑裂面與水平方向間的傾角，模擬計算確定邊坡的最危險破裂面，運用本文提出的有限元剩余推力法作為求解安全系數(shù)的方法。將所求的安全系數(shù)進行比較分析后選定安全系數(shù)最小的滑裂面即為最危險滑裂面。 (5)加入滑裂面間夾角影響因素的有限元應(yīng)力積分剩余推力等安全系數(shù)分析法，不僅繼承了有限元應(yīng)力代數(shù)和法能直接求出安全系數(shù)的優(yōu)點，而且比傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)力代數(shù)和法計算求得的安全系數(shù)更貼近工程客觀實際，使用起來更加可靠。基于此方法對非貫通軟弱夾層的巖體邊坡最終破裂面的搜索也符合工程實際。因此對該方法的研究于巖體邊坡穩(wěn)定性的發(fā)展有極大的促進作用。
[Abstract]:In the slope, unstable structures, such as joints, cracks, faults or weak intercalation, are often caused by geological causes and tectonic influences. The existence of these structures will have a great influence on the stability of the slope. If these unstable structures are connected to each other and through the rock slope, it will lead to landslides, dumping and other major engineering accidents. In order to deal with these weak structural surfaces, the cost of engineering is very large and difficult to eliminate thoroughly. Therefore, it is an important and universal engineering problem to calculate and analyze the anti sliding stability of rock slope.
The stability analysis of slope stability has created a lot of checking methods since it has been proposed, and a complete and mature theoretical system has been formed through the verification of practical engineering. However, many factors have not negligible effect on the stability of rock slope, and all the principles can not be used in the process of analysis. These factors are fully considered. The existing theory of rock slope stability analysis has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is still no unified standard and objective and accurate evaluation method today. Therefore, it is necessary to further discuss the problem of slope stability.
In this paper, the shortcomings of the traditional finite element stress algebra and calculation method in the rock slope stability analysis are discussed. The finite element stress integration residual thrust method, which considers the angle factor of the sliding surface, is put forward, and the comparison analysis is made for the safety coefficient calculated by the two methods. The final fracture surface of the slope was searched to find the most dangerous slip surface, namely the most dangerous slip surface.
(1) the principle and solution of the finite element stress integral analysis and calculation method considering the influence of the weak sandwich angle are put forward. In this paper, it is called the safety factor method of the finite element stress integral residual thrust and so on. The safety coefficient obtained by the traditional finite element stress algebra and method is only the anti slip force and the sliding force algebra and the addition of the sliding force on the sliding surface. The ratio has not taken into account the effect of the angle between the direction of the sliding crack on the safety factor, and there is a great deviation between the failure surface of the result and the actual damage of the engineering. The method proposed in this paper will take full consideration of the influence of the direction angle. Under the condition of equal safety factor, the cohesion and friction coefficient of the material are ci/k, fi/k. The sliding force and anti slip force on each slip surface are obtained. The result of the difference between the two is considered as the residual sliding force on the sliding surface, and conversely, it is called the residual anti slip force. The calculation of the balance condition of the residual sliding force (anti slip force) on the main anti sliding surface in each slip surface can be used to obtain the safety factor K. on the whole sliding surface.
(2) the algorithm of safety coefficient method, such as the finite element stress integration residual thrust and so on, is written in FORTRAN language. It is convenient, efficient and fast computer language to solve the complicated calculation process. At the same time, it also broadens the prospect for the application and popularization of the method.
(3) by comparison and analysis of the safety coefficient obtained by the two methods, the safety coefficient obtained by the finite element stress integral residual thrust analysis method is determined objectively, while the traditional finite element stress algebra and method are uncertain and simplified. At the same time, the minimum safety factor fracture surface is also analyzed. It is contrary to the common sense of engineering.
(4) in actual engineering, the weak structural surface in the rock slope is often not completely connected. The strike of the sliding surface in the final failure of the rock mass is an important subject in this paper. In this paper, the slope of an incomplete penetrating rock mass containing two weak interbeds is analyzed and studied. The position of the initial fracture point of the sliding surface is changed. The dip angle between the sliding surface and the horizontal direction is simulated to determine the most dangerous fracture surface of the slope. The method of the finite element residual thrust method proposed in this paper is used as a method to solve the safety factor. The minimum safety factor is selected as the most dangerous slip surface after the comparison and analysis of the safety coefficient.
(5) the safety factor analysis method, such as the finite element stress integral residual thrust and so on, not only inherits the advantages of the finite element stress algebra and the method that can directly calculate the safety factor, but also is more close to the objective reality than the traditional stress algebra and the method calculated by the traditional stress algebra and method, and is more reliable in use. The method of searching the final fracture surface of rock slope with non penetrating and weak interlayer conforms to the engineering practice. Therefore, the study of this method has a great effect on the development of rock slope stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU457

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