本文選題：準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地 + 霍瑪吐背斜帶�。� 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地霍瑪吐背斜帶位于準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地南緣中段,屬于南緣中—新生界三排構(gòu)造的中的第二排,主體自西向東分布有霍爾果斯、瑪納斯以及吐谷魯三個背斜。南緣地區(qū)因其巨大的油氣資源潛力,已成為準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地后續(xù)勘探開發(fā)的重要接替領(lǐng)域,其中霍瑪吐背斜帶的前期勘探成果和鄰區(qū)勘探資料顯示該區(qū)有較為豐富的油氣資源。研究區(qū)內(nèi)沉積的地層厚度最大可達15000米,并發(fā)育有多套生儲蓋組合,資源潛力巨大。早在上世紀(jì)初,就有許多學(xué)者在準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地南緣來進行考察、勘探和研究,因為南緣地區(qū)地面露頭與構(gòu)造樣式十分豐富,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多出露地表的油氣苗。上世紀(jì)中旬主要對地面構(gòu)造勘探進行地質(zhì)調(diào)查,勘探手段以重磁電為主,完成了對整個南緣西部地區(qū)地質(zhì)詳查和重磁電普查,基本上弄清了盆地南緣的地面地層和構(gòu)造特征。上世紀(jì)八十年代運用二維地震勘探手段,對準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地南緣進行了地質(zhì)勘探,但因南緣地區(qū)地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,在許多地區(qū)地震測網(wǎng)十分稀疏。進入上世紀(jì)九十年代,地質(zhì)工作者對南緣的各個重要構(gòu)造區(qū)域的地震勘探進行了加密與更加細致的研究,大體上厘清了南緣背斜構(gòu)造帶的區(qū)域構(gòu)造特征。但是由于研究區(qū)內(nèi)的沉積環(huán)境、構(gòu)造演化的復(fù)雜性以及勘探資料的局限性前人在該地區(qū)的研究程度相對其他地區(qū)較弱,對沉積相的研究并未深入展開,因此對研究區(qū)內(nèi)的沉積特征、沉積微相的識別、沉積相以及沉積砂體的展布的研究具有重要的意義。為此,本文在充分調(diào)研前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對野外露頭以及大量巖心進行細致的觀察和描述,從巖石學(xué)特征、粒度分布特征、沉積構(gòu)造特征、遺跡化石特征以及測井相特征五方面,總結(jié)出研究區(qū)各類沉積相的相標(biāo)志,為沉積相的識別和劃分提供了有力的依據(jù)。通過重礦物分析,研究區(qū)陸源重礦物組合主要以不穩(wěn)定類為主,反映出近源沉積的特征；結(jié)合砂地比,準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地南緣霍瑪吐背斜帶中上組合沉積主要受南部物源,西北部物源對研究區(qū)影響僅限于沙灣期的西湖背斜。南緣中段由東向西依次發(fā)育,昌吉、吐谷魯、瑪納斯以及奎屯四大水系(或次物源),并且具有繼承性。根據(jù)研究,上白堊統(tǒng)東溝組為一套紅色泥巖、砂質(zhì)泥巖與礫巖、含礫砂巖和砂巖的互層,是盆地南緣的一套儲層。古近系的紫泥泉子組為棕紅色、褐紅色砂質(zhì)泥巖夾灰紅色砂巖、礫巖底部為石灰質(zhì)礫巖,含介形類化石。其巖性在橫向上變化很大。古近系安集海河組與紫泥泉子組為連續(xù)過渡沉積,該組是研究區(qū)最細的一套地層,主要為淺—半深湖相沉積。其中部以灰綠、深灰色泥巖、泥質(zhì)粉砂巖夾淺灰色泥灰?guī)r、介殼灰?guī)r為主,上、下部發(fā)育雜色泥巖和砂巖條帶。新近系沙灣組巖性主要為河湖相的棕紅色砂質(zhì)泥巖夾灰紅色、灰綠色砂巖、礫巖。下部發(fā)育紅褐色、褐灰色粉砂質(zhì)泥巖與泥質(zhì)粉砂巖呈不等厚互層；中部灰色及褐色細砂巖、含礫砂巖、石英砂巖夾褐色、灰褐色泥巖及粉砂質(zhì)泥巖,局部見灰色膏質(zhì)粉砂巖；上部發(fā)育灰色膏質(zhì)砂巖及粉砂巖為主,夾灰、褐色砂巖、泥巖、砂質(zhì)泥巖及粉砂質(zhì)泥巖。準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地從紫泥泉子期—安集海河期—沙灣期經(jīng)歷了一個完整的湖進和湖退過程,最大湖泛面在安集海河期。南緣中段地區(qū),紫泥泉子組為一個退積序列,砂體發(fā)育。向上安集海河組為大范圍湖侵沉積,并存在異常高壓。安集海河組泥巖是準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地南緣地區(qū)的一套區(qū)域性蓋層。沙灣期是基準(zhǔn)面下降湖退過程,沉積物粒度自下而上逐漸變粗,表現(xiàn)為進積,砂體較發(fā)育。沙灣組河道砂巖是霍瑪吐背斜帶區(qū)域性有利儲層。通過對相標(biāo)志的識別以及對砂地比、泥巖顏色和反映沉積相縱向演化的基干剖面的分析,總結(jié)出研究區(qū)發(fā)育了曲流河、辮狀河、曲流河三角洲、辮狀河三角洲和湖泊五種沉積相類型,以及各沉積相類型所包含的若干沉積微相。其中,研究區(qū)東溝組以曲流河沉積為主,部分地區(qū)發(fā)育辮狀河沉積；紫泥泉子組湖盆范圍逐漸增大,但水體較淺,研究區(qū)的沉積環(huán)境由東溝組的陸上環(huán)境逐漸向水下環(huán)境過渡,發(fā)育曲流河—曲流河三角洲沉積與辮狀河—辮狀河三角洲沉積；安集海河組與紫泥泉子組為連續(xù)過渡沉積,該組是研究區(qū)最細的一套地層,主要為淺—半深湖相沉積；沙灣組相對于安集海河組湖平面下降,研究區(qū)內(nèi)西湖、獨山子、安集海河、霍爾果斯四個背斜均演變?yōu)檗p狀河三角洲前緣沉積。東溝組規(guī)模型砂體主要發(fā)育于東一段和東二段的曲流河河道沉積中；紫泥泉子組有利砂體主要發(fā)育在曲流河與辮狀河河道沉積與曲流河(辮狀河)三角洲前緣沉積中；安集海河組與東溝組砂體發(fā)育在三角洲前緣水下分流河道及河口壩沉積砂體,砂體厚度較薄,橫向連通性較差。研究區(qū)優(yōu)勢儲集相帶類型主要為水下分流河道、河口壩、濱淺湖砂坪、遠沙壩。南緣各層組儲集體巖性總體比較細,以細砂巖為主。據(jù)此,本文厘清了研究區(qū)各背斜沉積相以及砂體展布規(guī)律,指出了有利的儲蓋區(qū)帶,為該地區(qū)下一步的油氣勘探與開發(fā)提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The HORMA spit anticline zone in the Junggar basin is located in the middle section of the southern margin of the Junggar basin. It belongs to the second row of the middle three row of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in the southern margin. The main body is from the west to the East, and there are three anticlines in Huoerguosi, Manasi and the pugu Lu. The southern margin has become an important part of the follow-up exploration and development of the Junggar basin because of its great potential for oil and gas resources. In the area of replacement, the preliminary exploration results of the hormaru anticline belt and the exploration data in the adjacent area show that there are more abundant oil and gas resources in the area. The thickness of the sedimentary strata in the study area is up to 15000 meters, and there are many sets of reservoir cover assemblages, and the potential of resources is huge. Investigation, exploration and research, because the surface outcrops and structural styles of the southern margin are very rich, and many oil and gas seedlings are found out of the surface. In the middle of last century, geological survey was carried out mainly on the ground tectonic exploration. The ground formation and structural features of the southern margin of the basin were cleared. In the 80s of last century, the geological exploration was conducted on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin by means of two-dimensional seismic exploration. However, the seismic network in many areas was very sparse in the southern margin of the basin. In the 90s of last century, all the important structures of the geological workers to the southern margin. The seismic exploration in the region has been studied by encryption and more meticulous research, which generally clarifies the regional structural characteristics of the southern margin anticline structural belt. But because of the sedimentary environment in the study area, the complexity of the tectonic evolution and the limitation of the exploration data, the degree of research in this area is weaker than that in other areas. It is of great significance for the study of sedimentary characteristics, identification of sedimentary microfacies, sedimentary facies and the distribution of sedimentary sand bodies in the study area. Therefore, on the basis of thorough investigation of previous studies, this paper makes fine observation and description of the outcrop and a large number of cores from the field, from the petrological characteristics and the granularity distribution. The characteristics of the sedimentary structure, the feature of the trace fossils and the characteristics of the log facies are five, and the facies markers of the sedimentary facies in the study area are summarized, which provide a powerful basis for the identification and division of the sedimentary facies. In the southern margin of the Junggar basin, the middle and upper assemblages of the upper and upper assemblages in the hmma anticline zone are mainly derived from the southern source, and the northwest material source is limited to the West Lake anticline in the Shawan period. The middle section of the southern margin is developed from east to west, and the four major water systems (or secondary sources) in Changji, pukhu Lu, Manasi and Kuitun are inherited. The East gully group is a set of red mudstone, sandy mudstone and conglomerate, gravel and sandstone interbeds, a set of reservoirs in the southern margin of the basin. The Palaeogene Purple mud spring subgroup is brown red, the brown red sandy mudstone is grayish red sandstone, and the bottom of the conglomerate is limestone conglomerate, and the lithology of the Palaeogene is transversely affected. The river formation is a continuous transition deposit with the purple mud Quan Zi formation, which is the finest set of strata in the study area, mainly shallow and semi deep lacustrine facies, with gray green, deep gray mudstone, muddy siltstone grayish gray marl, intercalated limestone and upper and lower part of the mudstone and sandstone strip. The brown red sandy mudstone is grayish red, gray green sandstone and conglomerate. The lower part is reddish brown, brown gray powder sandy mudstone and muddy siltstone have unequal thickness, and gray and brown fine sandstone in the middle, grayish sandstone, quartzite grained brown, gray brown mudstone and silty mudstone, local gray ointment siltstone and grey ointment developed in the upper part. The main sandstone and siltstone are grayish, brown sandstone, mudstone, sandy mudstone and silty mudstone. The Junggar basin has undergone a complete lacustrine and lake retreat process from the purple mud spring period to the Anji Haihe period and Shawan period. The largest lake pan is in the Anji Haihe period. The middle section of the southern margin, the purple mud spring subgroup is a sedimentary sequence and the sand body is developed. The upper Anji Haihe formation is a large area of Lake invasion and abnormal high pressure. The mudstone of the Anji Haihe formation is a set of regional caprock in the southern margin of the Junggar basin. The Sand Bay period is the decline process of the datum surface, the grain size is gradually thickening from the bottom to the bottom, and the sand body is more developed. The Sand Bay formation river sandstone is the homemo anticline zone. A regional favorable reservoir. Through the analysis of the identification of phase markers and the analysis of the clay color and the longitudinal evolution of the sedimentary facies, it is concluded that the study area developed five types of sedimentary facies in the meandering river, the braided river, the creek Delta, the braided river delta and the lake, and the sedimentary facies included in the sedimentary facies. Microfacies. Among them, the East ditch group in the study area is mainly composed of the meandering river deposit, and the braided river deposits are developed in some areas; the range of the lake basin is gradually increasing, but the water body is shallow. The sedimentary environment in the study area is gradually transferred from the onshore environment of the Dong Gou formation to the underwater environment, and the formation of the triplet of the triplex River Delta and the braided river and braided river three. The Anjihaihe formation and the purple mudanzi formation are continuous transition deposits. This group is the finest set of strata in the study area, mainly shallow and half deep lacustrine facies. The Shawan Formation is relative to the Anjihaihe formation, the lake level drops, the West Lake, Dushanzi, the AnJiHai River in the study area and the four anticlines of Huoerguosi all evolve into the braided river delta front edge. The sand bodies of the Donggou group gauge are mainly developed in the eastern and Eastern two sections of the meandering river channel deposits, and the favorable sand bodies of the purple mudanzi formation are mainly developed in the deposits of the meandering river and braided river channels and the delta front of the taanghe River (braided river), and the sand bodies of the Anji Haihe and Donggou formation are developed in the delta front of the subaqueous distributary channel. And the sand body of the estuarine dam, the sand body thickness is thin, and the lateral connectivity is poor. The main types of reservoir facies belts in the study area are underwater distributary channel, estuarine dam, shallow lake sand flat and far sand dam. The reservoir lithology of each layer in the south edge of the South margin is fine and the fine sandstone is the main sandstone. Accordingly, this paper clarifies the sedimentary facies of the anticline and the distribution rules of sand body in the study area. The favorable reservoir cap zone is pointed out, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration and development of oil and gas in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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