本文選題：凝灰?guī)r + 致密油�。� 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：三塘湖盆地馬朗凹陷二疊系條湖組凝灰?guī)r油藏的發(fā)現(xiàn),為我們認(rèn)識凝灰?guī)r致密油藏成藏機(jī)理提供了一個很好的機(jī)會,這套凝灰?guī)r儲層的特殊性在于它是火山灰降落在湖盆水體中形成的,本身含有一定的沉積有機(jī)質(zhì)。本文通過這套凝灰?guī)r有機(jī)地球化學(xué)特征、儲層巖石學(xué)特征、物性特征、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征和潤濕性等方面的研究,結(jié)合地質(zhì)條件綜合分析,明確了條湖組凝灰?guī)r的分布規(guī)律、儲層形成機(jī)理、致密油藏石油充注機(jī)理和成藏主控因素,建立了成藏模式。條湖組凝灰?guī)r可以分為玻屑凝灰?guī)r、晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r、泥質(zhì)凝灰?guī)r和硅化凝灰?guī)r四種巖石類型。玻屑凝灰?guī)r平面上主要分布在中遠(yuǎn)火山口帶,垂向上主要分布在凝灰?guī)r段的中-下部;晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r平面上主要分布在近火山口帶,垂向上也主要分布在凝灰?guī)r段的中-下部,且多與玻屑凝灰?guī)r互層;泥質(zhì)凝灰?guī)r平面上主要分布在遠(yuǎn)火山口帶,垂向上主要分布在凝灰?guī)r段的上部;硅化凝灰?guī)r分布在凝灰?guī)r段的底部。凝灰?guī)r的巖石類型受距離火山活動帶遠(yuǎn)近的影響,其厚度分布受火山活動帶和沉積古地形共同控制,火山活動帶兩側(cè)的沉積洼地是凝灰?guī)r分布的主要部位。條湖組凝灰?guī)r儲層具有中高孔低滲的特征,其中玻屑凝灰?guī)r物性最好,原始火山灰玻璃質(zhì)的脫�；饔檬俏⒂^孔隙形成的主要原因。凝灰?guī)r中含有的原始沉積有機(jī)質(zhì)演化過程中形成的有機(jī)酸有利于火山灰脫�；饔玫倪M(jìn)行。凝灰?guī)r孔隙度的演化有一定的規(guī)律,主要受原始物質(zhì)組成和埋深的影響,同深度條件下玻屑凝灰?guī)r的孔隙度大于晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r,但都具有隨深度增大孔隙度先減小后增大的特點,埋深大于3000m,玻屑凝灰?guī)r仍保持高孔隙度的趨勢。條湖組凝灰?guī)r孔隙演化可以劃分為正常壓實減孔階段、脫�；隹纂A段和增孔后演化階段三個階段,分別發(fā)生在白堊紀(jì)早期之前、白堊紀(jì)石油充注之前以及白堊紀(jì)末之后。凝灰?guī)r致密油藏的原油主要來自下伏蘆草溝組二段烴源巖,屬于源儲分離型的致密油藏。凝灰?guī)r中沉積有機(jī)質(zhì)生成原油的極性組分優(yōu)先吸附在孔隙表面,使得巖石潤濕性為偏親油,加之凝灰?guī)r孔喉比小,從而導(dǎo)致油驅(qū)水啟動壓力梯度較小,這是遠(yuǎn)源的凝灰?guī)r致密儲層內(nèi)石油能夠得以高效充注成藏的主要原因。凝灰?guī)r內(nèi)致密油的成藏與富集主要受控于凝灰?guī)r儲層質(zhì)量、巖石潤濕性和蘆二段良好的排烴條件及斷-縫輸導(dǎo)體系,因而,提出“自源潤濕、它源成藏、斷-縫輸導(dǎo)、多點充注、有效凝灰?guī)r儲層大面積富集”的成藏模式。
[Abstract]:The discovery of tuff reservoirs in the Permian Tiaohu formation in Marang depression of Santanghu Basin provides a good opportunity for us to understand the reservoir formation mechanism of dense tuff reservoirs. The particularity of this set of tuff reservoir is that it is formed by falling of volcanic ash in the lake basin water body and contains certain sedimentary organic matter. By studying the organic geochemistry, petrology, physical properties, pore structure and wettability of tuff, combined with the comprehensive analysis of geological conditions, the distribution law of tuff in Tianhu formation is determined. Reservoir forming model was established by reservoir formation mechanism, oil filling mechanism and main controlling factors of reservoir formation. The tuff of Tianhu formation can be divided into four types: glassy tuff, crystalline tuff, argillaceous tuff and silicified tuff. The glassy tuff plane is mainly distributed in the middle to lower part of the tuff section, and the vertical direction is mainly distributed in the middle and lower part of the tuff section, while the crystal chrysotile tuff plane is mainly distributed in the near crater zone. The vertical tuff is mainly distributed in the middle and lower part of the tuff section and interbedded with the glassy tuff, the plaster tuff is mainly distributed in the far crater zone and the vertical upward in the upper part of the tuff section. Silicified tuff is distributed at the bottom of the tuff section. The rock type of tuff is influenced by the distance from volcanic active zone and its thickness distribution is controlled by volcanic active zone and sedimentary paleotopography. The depositional depression on both sides of volcanic active zone is the main part of tuff distribution. The tuff reservoir of Tianhu formation has the characteristics of medium high porosity and low permeability, among which the vitreous tuff has the best physical properties, and the devitrification of the original pozzolanic glass is the main reason for the formation of micro pores. The organic acids formed during the evolution of the original sedimentary organic matter contained in tuff are conducive to the devitrification of volcanic ash. The evolution of tuff porosity has a certain regularity, which is mainly affected by the composition of the original material and the depth of burying. At the same depth, the porosity of the vitreous tuff is larger than that of the crystalline tuff. However, the porosity decreases first and then increases with the increase of depth, and the buried depth is more than 3000m, and the glassy tuff still keeps high porosity. The pore evolution of tuff in Tianhu formation can be divided into three stages: normal compaction and pore reduction stage, devitalized pore increasing stage and post-pore increasing evolution stage, which occurred before the early Cretaceous, before the Cretaceous oil filling and after the Cretaceous. The crude oil of dense tuff reservoir mainly comes from the source rock of the second member of Lower Fuluchaogou formation, which belongs to the tight reservoir of source reservoir and separation type. The polar components of the crude oil generated by sedimentary organic matter in tuff are preferentially adsorbed on the pore surface, which makes the wettability of the rock to be oil lipophilic, and the pore throat ratio of tuff is small, which leads to the small starting pressure gradient of oil flooding. This is the main reason that the oil in the dense tuff reservoir can be efficiently filled and formed. The accumulation and accumulation of dense oil in tuff are mainly controlled by the quality of tuff reservoir, the wettability of rock, the good hydrocarbon expulsion condition of Lu2 member and the system of fault-fracture transport. Multi-point filling and large-area enrichment of effective tuff reservoirs "reservoir formation model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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