發(fā)布時間：2018-07-09 10:18

  本文選題：位場轉(zhuǎn)換 + 位場分離��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著重磁勘探儀器探測精度與效率的提高,一些傳統(tǒng)的位場數(shù)據(jù)處理方法因計算精度低、分析條件復(fù)雜等缺陷而難以滿足當今位場勘探精細解釋的需求。鑒于此,改進和開發(fā)高精度、高效率的位場數(shù)據(jù)處理方法具有重要意義。本文在位場數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換與分離以及邊界檢測的反演工作方面提出了一些改進措施,取得了較好的效果。位場異常的轉(zhuǎn)換與分離是最常規(guī)的異常處理解析方法,異常轉(zhuǎn)換的精度以及異常分離的是否徹底直接影響一些正反演方法(如歐拉反褶積、界面異常反演等)的準確性和分辨率,本文以迭代補償原理為基礎(chǔ),提出了用于導(dǎo)數(shù)換算和向下延拓的近似算子迭代法以及位場分離的波數(shù)域迭代法。近似算子迭代法是針對位場導(dǎo)數(shù)換算和向下延拓過程中存在的不穩(wěn)定性問題提出的。該方法利用位場的泰勒級數(shù)、Laplace方程和不同階次導(dǎo)數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)了導(dǎo)數(shù)換算和向下延拓的近似算子,將上述近似算子置入波數(shù)域迭代中,實現(xiàn)了位場導(dǎo)數(shù)換算和向下延拓的穩(wěn)定計算。在分析近似算子迭代法濾波特性和收斂性的過程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)可以利用鄰次迭代結(jié)果的相關(guān)度確定最佳的迭代次數(shù)區(qū)間。含噪聲模型試驗表明,近似算子迭代法相比于其他方法具有較強的計算穩(wěn)定性和較高的計算精度;相關(guān)系數(shù)與迭代次數(shù)的關(guān)系曲線可以快速提供最佳的迭代次數(shù),保證了近似算子迭代法較高的運算效率和精度。同樣以迭代補償思想為前提,本文設(shè)計了一種幅值較低的區(qū)域場分離算子,給出了位場分離的波數(shù)域迭代法。該法能夠?qū)⒕植慨惓ｎl譜中屬于區(qū)域場的成分剝離出來,返還給區(qū)域異常,進而彌補區(qū)域異常的信號損失,最終達到改善異常分離效果的目的。模型試驗表明,相比于常規(guī)向上延拓的異常分離方法,本文方法提取的目標場與真實值更加接近。利用位場資料反演地質(zhì)體的邊界位置可以為構(gòu)造解釋提供重、磁場劃分依據(jù)�，F(xiàn)有的邊界檢測方法大都與位場異常的梯度變化相關(guān),因此這些方法常常受高頻干擾影響,致使識別出的邊界信息存在著模糊、缺失或虛假等缺點。針對于此,本文提出了基于差分求導(dǎo)的偽總梯度余弦值法、加權(quán)小子域濾波和結(jié)合增強型均衡濾波器的歐拉反褶積法三種邊界檢測技術(shù)。這三種方法有各自的特點,它們的處理結(jié)果可以相互彌補、驗證,從而提高邊界識別的精度和分辨率�；诓罘智髮�(dǎo)的偽總梯度余弦值法是考慮了邊界點異常的方向信息后,采用子域均值和差分方式計算梯度,以垂向梯度與偽總梯度(水平梯度的幅值被壓縮)矢量夾角的余弦值作為濾波輸出,結(jié)果中的極大值對應(yīng)邊界位置。該方法在計算過程中對邊界位置的異常特征進行了兩次緊縮,突出了邊界與非邊界異常的差異性。模型試驗結(jié)果表明該法具有較好的計算穩(wěn)定性和邊界位置識別效果。加權(quán)小子域濾波技術(shù)是以直立巖脈重力異常、數(shù)值差分及小子域濾波為基礎(chǔ)提出的,濾波結(jié)果以平面等值線中被緊縮的梯級帶作為地質(zhì)體邊界的識別標志,以正、負圈閉異常反映局部地質(zhì)體剩余密度的分析模式,在空間域內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了對三方向小子域濾波的加權(quán)整合。模型試驗表明,加權(quán)小子域濾波不但對地質(zhì)體邊界有較高的檢測精度,而且能夠清晰地反映出區(qū)域與局部場的圈閉異常關(guān)系(地質(zhì)體的剩余密度關(guān)系)。針對常規(guī)Euler方程分散解較多,解的精度受構(gòu)造指數(shù)影響較大的問題,筆者以一種新的增強型均衡濾波器為基礎(chǔ),推導(dǎo)了新的Euler方程。新方程不需要預(yù)先給定構(gòu)造指數(shù)和背景場就可以計算出邊界的平面位置和深度。模型試驗表明,相比于常規(guī)Euler方程,新方程對邊界的平面位置和深度的反演精度更高。以上邊界檢測方法中,基于差分求導(dǎo)的偽總梯度余弦值法能夠清晰的檢測出梯級帶特征的構(gòu)造邊界;加權(quán)小子域濾波不僅彌補了前者檢測非梯級帶特征邊界能力的不足,更能夠反映出邊界兩側(cè)地質(zhì)體的異常強弱關(guān)系;結(jié)合增強型均衡濾波器的歐拉法反褶積法可以很好的填補前兩者無法反演邊界深度信息的空白。這三種方法配套使用可以更好的反映構(gòu)造邊界的三維分布特征。將以上方法應(yīng)用到松遼盆地鎮(zhèn)賚地區(qū)重磁場數(shù)據(jù)處理中,取得了一些成果。依據(jù)位場轉(zhuǎn)換與分離方法的處理結(jié)果,結(jié)合收集的地質(zhì)、物性、鉆井資料,分析了研究區(qū)重、磁場、剩余異常、垂向?qū)?shù)及中、淺部地層的視物性分布特征;根據(jù)位場邊界檢測方法的處理結(jié)果,在研究區(qū)內(nèi)劃分出11條主要斷裂,并將研究區(qū)劃分為3個二級構(gòu)造單元和9個次級構(gòu)造單元;在此基礎(chǔ)上,以巖石物性、鉆井資料和地震剖面為約束條件,反演了研究區(qū)中、新生界底界面深度,預(yù)測了4處凹陷為油氣勘探的有利遠景區(qū)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the detection precision and efficiency of the gravity and magnetic exploration instruments, some traditional bit field data processing methods are difficult to meet the requirements of the fine interpretation of the potential field exploration because of the low calculation precision and complicated analysis conditions. In view of this, the improvement and development of high precision and high efficiency bit field data processing method is of great significance. Some improvement measures are proposed in the field of data conversion and separation and the inversion of boundary detection. The transformation and separation of the bit field anomaly is the most conventional method of abnormity processing, the accuracy of the anomaly conversion and the complete direct reaction of the anomaly separation (Euler deconvolution, interface) The accuracy and resolution of the anomalous inversion, based on the iterative compensation principle, is based on the approximate operator iteration method for derivative and downward continuation and the number domain iteration method for the position field separation. The approximate operator iteration method is proposed for the instability problems in the conversion and downward continuation of the potential field derivative. The approximate operator of the derivative conversion and downward continuation is derived by using the Taylor series of the potential field, the Laplace equation and the derivative of different order derivatives. The approximate operator is placed in the wave number domain and the stable calculation of the conversion of the derivative and the downward continuation of the potential field is realized. The filtering characteristics and the convergence of the approximate operator iteration method are analyzed. In the process, the author finds that the best iterative interval can be determined by the correlation degree of the adjacent iteration results. The noise model test shows that the approximate operator iteration method has stronger computational stability and higher calculation precision than the other methods, and the relation curve of the correlation coefficient and the number of iterations can provide the best iterative times. As a result of the iterative compensation idea, a kind of regional field separation operator with low amplitude is designed, and the iterative method of wave number domain for the separation of bit field is given. This method can remove the component of local anomaly spectrum and return to the regional anomaly. In order to make up the signal loss of regional anomalies and finally achieve the purpose of improving the abnormal separation effect, the model test shows that the target field extracted by this method is closer to the true value compared with the abnormal separation method of conventional upward extension. The inversion of the boundary position of geological body by using the bit field data can provide a heavy load for the structural interpretation. Most of the existing boundary detection methods are related to the gradient change of the anomaly. Therefore, these methods are often affected by high frequency interference, resulting in the shortcomings of blurred, missing or false boundary information identified. Euler deconvolution (eulla deconvolution) of an enhanced balanced filter (Euler) three boundary detection techniques. These three methods have their own characteristics. Their processing results can be made up to each other to improve the accuracy and resolution of the boundary recognition. The pseudo total gradient cosine value method based on the differential derivative is used to consider the direction information of the boundary point anomaly. The gradient and the cosine values of the vertical gradient and the pseudo total gradient (the amplitude of the horizontal gradient are compressed) are used as the filtering output. The maximum value of the results corresponds to the boundary position. In the calculation process, the anomalous characteristics of the boundary position are two times tightened and the boundary and non boundary anomalies are highlighted. The model test results show that the method has good calculation stability and boundary location recognition effect. The weighted subdomain filtering technique is based on the gravity anomaly of the erect vein, the numerical difference and the small subdomain filtering, and the filtering results are taken as the identification mark of the geological body boundary with the tight ladder zone in the plane contour line. The weighted integration of the three direction subdomain filtering is realized in the spatial domain by the positive and negative traps that reflect the residual density of the local geological bodies. The model test shows that the weighted subdomain filtering not only has a high detection precision on the boundary of the geological body, but also can clearly reflect the anomaly relationship between the region and the local field. In view of the residual density relation of the geological body. In view of the large dispersion solution of the conventional Euler equation, the accuracy of the solution is greatly influenced by the structural exponent. Based on a new enhanced equilibrium filter, the author derives the new Euler equation. The new equation can calculate the plane position of the boundary without the pre given structure index and the background field. The model test shows that the new equation has a higher inversion accuracy to the plane position and depth of the boundary than the conventional Euler equation. In the above boundary detection method, the pseudo total gradient cosine value method based on the difference derivation can clearly detect the structural boundary of the cascade characteristics, and the weighted subdomain filtering not only makes up for the former to detect the non ladder. The inadequacy of the characteristic boundary capacity of the band is more able to reflect the anomalous strong and weak relationship between the geological bodies on both sides of the boundary, and the Eulerian deconvolution method combined with the enhanced equilibrium filter can well fill the blank of the inversing boundary depth information of the former two. The three methods can be used to better reflect the three-dimensional distribution of the tectonic boundary. The above method has been applied to the data processing of heavy magnetic field in the Zhenlai area of Songliao Basin, and some results have been obtained. According to the results of the processing of the position field conversion and separation method, combined with the geological, physical, and drilling data collected, the distribution characteristics of the visual property of the study area, the magnetic field, the residual anomaly, the vertical derivative and the shallow strata are analyzed. The results of the field boundary detection method are divided into 11 main faults in the study area, and the study area is divided into 3 two stage structural units and 9 secondary tectonic units. On this basis, the rock physical property, drilling data and seismic profiles are restricted, and the bottom interface depth of the Cenozoic is retrieved in the study area, and 4 depression is predicted to be oil. A favorable scenic spot for gas exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631

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本文編號：2109041