本文選題：淺層生物氣 + 全新世　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全新世淺層生物氣研究已經(jīng)受到國內(nèi)外諸多學(xué)者的重視,在湖相、河漫灘相、河口灣相、三角洲相以及淺海相等沉積環(huán)境中均有發(fā)現(xiàn),其分布廣、埋藏淺、易預(yù)測、成本低、見效快、前景好。江浙沿海平原地區(qū)全新世淺層生物氣資源量豐富,以長江三角洲地區(qū)和杭州灣地區(qū)分布最為廣泛。江浙沿海平原全新世淺層生物氣研究精細(xì)程度不高,系統(tǒng)性差。本區(qū)全新統(tǒng)氣源巖地球化學(xué)特征研究有利于進(jìn)一步豐富生物氣源巖評價(jià)指標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn);為生物氣的來源提供依據(jù)、豐富成藏理論和油氣地球化學(xué)理論;此外,為發(fā)現(xiàn)新的氣源巖、尋找有利富集帶、計(jì)算生氣量、部署勘探提供現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。本研究通過對江浙沿海平原中較為典型的長江三角洲啟東地區(qū)和杭州灣蕭山地區(qū)典型鉆孔ZK01井、SE02井全新統(tǒng)氣源巖的系統(tǒng)采樣,對生物氣氣源巖的沉積特征、沉積環(huán)境、有機(jī)地球化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究。以有機(jī)碳含量(TOC)、氯仿瀝青"A"含量分別代表可溶有機(jī)質(zhì)、不溶有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度,二者共同表征有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度。依據(jù)干酪根有機(jī)元素組成、干酪根鏡檢特征確定不溶有機(jī)質(zhì)類型;依據(jù)氯仿瀝青"A"族組成和飽和烴氣相色譜特征確定可溶有機(jī)質(zhì)類型。結(jié)合飽和烴氣相色譜、巖石熱解、鏡質(zhì)體反射率(Ro)相應(yīng)參數(shù)特征,分析氣源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度�？偨Y(jié)和探討了江浙沿海平原晚第四紀(jì)淺層生物氣地球化學(xué)特征及生氣控制因素。研究認(rèn)為長江三角洲啟東地區(qū)全新統(tǒng)河口灣—河漫灘相灰色黏土及粉砂質(zhì)黏土與淺海相深灰色淤泥質(zhì)黏土為淺層生物氣兩套氣源巖;杭州灣蕭山地區(qū)全新統(tǒng)河口灣—河漫灘相灰及灰黃色黏土和粉砂質(zhì)黏土與淺海相青灰色淤泥質(zhì)黏土淺層生物氣兩套氣源巖。江浙沿海平原氣源巖處于較為理想的還原環(huán)境,有利于生氣。江浙沿海平原河口灣—河漫灘相氣源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度高于后者,生氣能力略強(qiáng);杭州灣地區(qū)同層位氣源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度高于長江三角洲地區(qū)。全新統(tǒng)氣源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)來源由低等水生生物和陸源高等植物兩部分組成,屬于混源輸入,且以陸源高等植物有機(jī)質(zhì)為主,有機(jī)質(zhì)類型為含草本腐殖型、含草本腐泥腐殖型。全新統(tǒng)氣源巖中有機(jī)質(zhì)尚處于未成熟階段,淺層生物氣主要為生物化學(xué)作用階段的產(chǎn)物。江浙沿海平原晚第四紀(jì)淺層天然氣為典型CO2還原生物化學(xué)作用形成的生物氣。江浙沿海平原晚第四紀(jì)以來大幅度海平面升降、持續(xù)構(gòu)造沉降、快速沉積、河口地區(qū)有利沉積環(huán)境為生物氣的形成提供了必要的地質(zhì)條件,其次,全新統(tǒng)氣源巖具有良好的物質(zhì)條件,再次,氣源巖所處的還原環(huán)境、淡水—微咸水—咸水水介質(zhì)、較低硫酸鹽含量,適宜的酸堿度,利于產(chǎn)甲烷菌的生長。這些因素相互作用,相互補(bǔ)充,相互制約,有利于生物氣的生成。
[Abstract]:The study of shallow biogas in Holocene has been paid much attention by many scholars at home and abroad. It has been found in lake facies, floodplain facies, estuarine bay facies, delta facies and the equivalent sedimentary environment of shallow sea. They are widely distributed, shallow buried, easy to predict and low in cost. The results are quick and the prospects are good. The shallow biogas resources of the Holocene in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plain areas are abundant, and the Yangtze River Delta and Hangzhou Bay are the most widely distributed areas. The study of shallow biogas of Holocene in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains is of low precision and poor systematicness. The study of geochemical characteristics of new gas source rocks in this area is conducive to further enriching the evaluation indexes and standards of biogenic gas source rocks, providing the basis for the source of biogas, enriching the theory of reservoir formation and oil and gas geochemistry, in addition, for the discovery of new gas source rocks, Looking for favorable enrichment zones, calculating the amount of gas generated, and deploying exploration provide practical guidance significance. In this study, the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary environment of biogas source rocks were studied through systematic sampling of the new gas source rocks in the typical borehole ZK01 well ZK01 well in Qidong area of Yangtze River Delta and in Xiaoshan region of Hangzhou Bay in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains, as well as the sedimentary environment of biogas source rocks. The organic geochemical characteristics have been systematically studied. Organic carbon content (TOC) and chloroform asphalt "A" content represent soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter abundance respectively. The type of insoluble organic matter was determined according to the composition of organic elements in kerogen, the type of insoluble organic matter was determined by microscopic examination of kerogen, and the type of soluble organic matter was determined according to the composition of "A" group of chloroform asphalt and the gas chromatographic characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon. The maturity of organic matter in gas source rocks is analyzed by means of saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) parameters. Geochemical characteristics of shallow biogas in late Quaternary and controlling factors of gas generation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains are summarized and discussed. It is considered that the grey clay and silty clay and dark gray silt clay in Qidong area of the Yangtze River Delta are two sets of shallow biogas gas source rocks. In Xiaoshan area of Hangzhou Bay two sets of gas source rocks such as greyish-yellow clay and silty clay and shallow marine greyish muddy clay shallow biogas are formed in the new Estuary and floodplain facies of Hangzhou Bay. The gas source rocks in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains are in an ideal environment for gas generation. The organic matter abundance of estuarine and floodplain gas source rocks in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains is higher than that of the latter, and the organic matter abundance of the same layer gas source rocks in Hangzhou Bay is higher than that in the Yangtze River Delta. The source of organic matter in the gas source rocks of the new series is composed of two parts: low aquatic organisms and higher terrestrial plants. It belongs to mixed source input and is mainly composed of terrestrial higher plant organic matter. The organic matter type is herbaceous humic type and herbaceous saprophytic mud humus type. The organic matter in the new gas source rocks is still in the immature stage, and the shallow biogas is mainly the product of biochemical process. The late Quaternary shallow natural gas in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal plains is a kind of biogas formed by the typical biochemical process of CO _ 2 reduction. Since the late Quaternary, the coastal plain of Jiangsu and Zhejiang has experienced large sea level rise and fall, sustained tectonic subsidence, rapid sedimentation and favorable sedimentary environment in estuarine areas, which provide the necessary geological conditions for the formation of biogas. The gas source rocks of the new series have good material conditions. Thirdly, the reduction environment of the gas source rocks, the medium of fresh water, brackish water and salt water, the lower sulfate content and the suitable acidity and alkalinity are beneficial to the growth of methanogenic bacteria. These factors interact, complement and restrict each other, which is beneficial to the formation of biogas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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