本文選題：中國大陸特色成礦系統(tǒng) + 陸塊與造山帶組成格局�。� 參考：《巖石學(xué)報(bào)》2017年02期

【摘要】：礦產(chǎn)資源的種類、時(shí)空分布、形成演化與成巖作用和大地構(gòu)造格局密切相關(guān)。中國地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,成礦條件多樣(發(fā)育裂谷成礦、碰撞成礦、地幔柱成礦、低溫成礦等特色成礦系統(tǒng)),礦床類型比較齊全,如大宗礦產(chǎn)(鐵、鋁、銅、鉀鹽)短缺,小宗礦產(chǎn)中盛產(chǎn)稀土元素(REE)、鎢、錫、鉬礦。中國早前寒武紀(jì)礦床相對較少,燕山期成礦集中爆發(fā)。這種礦產(chǎn)資源分布格局與中國大陸地殼的性質(zhì)與演化、多塊體拼合造山格局之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系尚待深入揭示。本文基于對中國陸殼演化、陸塊與造山帶組成格局和多塊體拼合造山的系統(tǒng)分析總結(jié),試圖闡明中國成礦特色與其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,從陸殼形成與造山帶演化的宏觀視角來研究中國大陸成礦特色、成礦物質(zhì)時(shí)空分布規(guī)律,其特色包括:(1)中國陸殼的地臺(tái)區(qū)與造山帶區(qū)質(zhì)量比約3∶7(全球陸殼地臺(tái)區(qū)占69.6%),太古界面積小且支離破碎,地殼固化時(shí)間晚且運(yùn)動(dòng)頻繁強(qiáng)烈,因此難以形成巨型條帶狀鐵建造(BIF)富鐵礦床、太古代火山巖塊狀硫化物型(VMS)銅鋅礦帶和元古代內(nèi)克拉通裂谷有關(guān)的扎伊爾-贊比亞巨型銅礦。(2)環(huán)繞中朝-塔里木和揚(yáng)子板塊的增生造山帶由老到新依次形成,并鑲接于古板塊邊緣,使中國大陸逐漸增生擴(kuò)展,導(dǎo)致火山巖型、與巖漿巖類和沉積巖系有關(guān)的大型礦床空間上向板塊邊緣推移,時(shí)間上越來越新,地殼演化成礦作用和礦床類型越來越多樣化。(3)中亞成礦域以古生代多陸塊拼合造山、中新生代陸內(nèi)造山與山盆體系構(gòu)成獨(dú)特的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造格局。既發(fā)育增生造山階段的弧環(huán)境相關(guān)礦床(蛇綠巖型鉻鐵礦、斑巖銅礦、VMS),也發(fā)育與碰撞造山有關(guān)的礦床(造山型金礦、石棉、滑石、白云母)、地幔柱疊置造山帶背景下的巖漿銅鎳礦和后碰撞陸內(nèi)巖石圈伸展相關(guān)的大陸環(huán)境礦床(斑巖鉬礦、熱液金礦、偉晶巖型稀有金屬礦)。(4)青藏高原(特提斯成礦域)系特提斯洋長期增生演化、印度-歐亞大陸碰撞的產(chǎn)物。其成礦條件優(yōu)越,具有多期成礦作用、多礦種和多類型的復(fù)合成礦系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)。形成了蛇綠巖套型鉻鐵礦、密西西比河谷型(MVT)鉛鋅礦和獨(dú)具特色的碰撞環(huán)境超大型斑巖銅鉬礦。(5)我國東部環(huán)太平洋成礦域,伴隨晚中生代克拉通性質(zhì)的根本轉(zhuǎn)變及巖石圈明顯的減薄過程與破壞,在華北克拉通周緣發(fā)生大規(guī)模的巖漿活動(dòng)和強(qiáng)烈的金、銅、鉬和輕稀土等成礦作用。不同時(shí)期的造山帶干涉疊加使得南嶺地區(qū)盛產(chǎn)花崗巖有關(guān)的鎢、錫、鉬礦,具有疊加改造成礦、大器晚成的鮮明成礦特色。由于中國成礦特色與大陸地殼演化密切相關(guān),中國的找礦勘探部署必須立足于中國大陸演化與多塊體拼合造山的基本地質(zhì)事實(shí),方能取得好的勘查效果。中國大陸小陸塊拼合造山成礦還存在諸多未解之謎,文末提出了當(dāng)前成礦學(xué)面臨的一系列科學(xué)問題,對于今后我國找礦戰(zhàn)略選區(qū)具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The types, temporal and spatial distribution, formation and evolution of mineral resources are closely related to diagenesis and tectonic pattern. The geological structure of China is complex, the metallogenic conditions are various (developed rift mineralization, collisional mineralization, mantle plume mineralization, low temperature mineralization and other characteristic metallogenic systems), and the types of deposits are relatively complete, such as the shortage of bulk minerals (iron, aluminum, copper, potassium salt). Xiaozong mineral rich in rare earth elements (REE), tungsten, tin, molybdenum ore. There were relatively few early Precambrian deposits in China and the Yanshanian metallogenic concentrated eruptions. The relationship between the distribution pattern of mineral resources and the nature and evolution of the continental crust of China and the orogenic pattern of multi-block assemblage remains to be deeply revealed. Based on the systematic analysis and summary of continental crust evolution, composition pattern of continental block and orogenic belt and multi-block assemblage orogeny in China, this paper attempts to clarify the metallogenic characteristics of China and its internal relations. From the macro perspective of continental crust formation and orogenic belt evolution, the metallogenic characteristics and temporal and spatial distribution of ore-forming materials in the Chinese mainland are studied. The characteristics include: (1) the mass ratio of the continental crust in China to the orogenic belt is about 3:7 (69.6% in the global continental crust), the Archaean is small and fragmented, and the crust solidifies late and frequently. Therefore, it is difficult to form a giant strip iron formation (BIF) rich iron deposit. Archean volcanic massive sulphide type (VMS) copper-zinc ore belt and Zairian giant copper ore deposits related to the Proterozoic Necraton rift. (2) the accretionary orogenic belts surrounding the Sino-Korean Tarim and Yangtze plates were formed from old to new, And connected with the paleo-plate margin, the Chinese continent is gradually proliferating and expanding, resulting in volcanic rock type, and the large deposits related to magmatic rocks and sedimentary rock series move spatially to the margin of the plate and become more and more new in time. The metallogeny and deposit types of crustal evolution are becoming more and more diversified. (3) the metallogenic region of Central Asia consists of Paleozoic multi-continental block assemblage orogeny and Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental orogeny and basin system forming a unique geological tectonic framework. Both arc environment related deposits (ophiolite chromite, porphyry copper deposit VMS) and ore deposits related to collision orogeny (orogenic gold deposits, asbestos, talc) are developed in accretive orogenic stage. Muscovite, magmatic copper-nickel deposits in the context of mantle plume superimposed orogenic belts and continental environmental deposits (porphyry molybdenum deposits, hydrothermal gold deposits) associated with the extension of the post-collision continental lithosphere, Pegmatite type rare metal ore). (4) the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Tethys metallogenic domain) is the product of the long term proliferation and evolution of the Tethys ocean and the collision between India and Eurasia. Its metallogenic conditions are superior, and it has the characteristics of multi-stage mineralization, multi-mineral type and multi-type complex metallogenic system. The ophiolite suite chromite, the Mississippi Valley (MVT) lead-zinc deposit and the unique collision environment super large porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit were formed. (5) the eastern China Pacific Rim metallogenic region. With the fundamental transformation of the properties of the late Mesozoic cratons and the obvious thinning process and destruction of the lithosphere, large-scale magmatic activities and strong mineralization of gold, copper, molybdenum and light rare earth occurred around the North China Craton. The interference superposition of orogenic belt in different periods makes the Nanling area rich in tungsten, tin and molybdenum ore related to granite, which is characterized by superposition and reformation of mineralization and late mineralization. Since the metallogenic characteristics of China are closely related to continental crustal evolution, China's prospecting and exploration deployment must be based on the basic geological facts of continental evolution and multi-block orogeny in order to obtain good exploration results. At the end of this paper, a series of scientific problems in metallogeny are put forward, which can be used as a reference for the future strategic constituency of ore prospecting in China.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院礦產(chǎn)資源研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中國科學(xué)院地質(zhì)與地球物理研究所;中國科學(xué)院青藏高原地球科學(xué)卓越創(chuàng)新中心;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);中國科學(xué)院地質(zhì)與地球物理研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41390444、41272108) 中國科學(xué)院學(xué)部與國家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)“大陸成礦學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略咨詢項(xiàng)目” 青藏先導(dǎo)專項(xiàng)(B)(XDB03010303)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號(hào)】：P548;P611

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黎彤 ,李峰;中國陸殼質(zhì)量有多重?[J];地質(zhì)與勘探;1990年02期

2 李永植;陸殼的大洋化[J];海洋科學(xué);1983年02期

3 薛鮑;;“巖石學(xué)與陸殼演化”發(fā)展動(dòng)向與戰(zhàn)略研討會(huì)在西北大學(xué)召開[J];西北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2013年03期

4 陳國能;中國東南地洼區(qū)上陸殼多次重熔的效應(yīng)和機(jī)制[J];大地構(gòu)造與成礦學(xué);1993年02期

5 吳宗絮,郭才華;冀東陸殼巖石在高溫高壓下波速的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;1993年04期

6 竺國強(qiáng),程曉敢,楊樹鋒,陳漢林;試論陸殼增生的兩種基本模式及其對比[J];高校地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);1997年04期

7 陳立輝;陸殼的垂向增生[J];礦物巖石地球化學(xué)通報(bào);2001年01期

8 李上森;幾個(gè)典型的陸殼出露剖面[J];國外前寒武紀(jì)地質(zhì);1994年02期

9 S·C·Melennan;S·R·Taylor;陶炳昆;;制約陸殼生長的地球化學(xué)因素[J];國外前寒武紀(jì)地質(zhì);1983年04期

10 黎彤,袁懷雨;華北陸殼的巖石化學(xué)模型[J];北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1991年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前8條

1 黃方;;陸殼的重熔和演化[A];中國礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第13屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2011年

2 劉曦;胡張翼;;陸殼物質(zhì)在高溫高壓條件下的物理化學(xué)行為[A];中國礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第12屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

3 吳宗絮;郭才華;;冀東陸殼巖石在高溫高壓下波速的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[A];第五屆全國構(gòu)造物理、第三屆全國高溫高壓學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)論文摘要[C];1992年

4 姜能;楊德彬;許文良;;大陸深俯沖對鄰區(qū)陸殼結(jié)構(gòu)的影響與調(diào)整方式[A];中國科學(xué)院地質(zhì)與地球物理研究所2013年度（第13屆）學(xué)術(shù)論文匯編——巖石圈演化研究室[C];2014年

5 唐俊;鄭永飛;;陸殼俯沖帶階段性流體活動(dòng):蘇魯造山帶大理巖中榴輝巖鋯石U-Pb年齡和地球化學(xué)證據(jù)[A];中國礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第12屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

6 石耀霖;范桃園;;大規(guī)模超高壓變質(zhì)帶形成的力學(xué)機(jī)制——海洋板片拖曳陸殼窄條俯沖模型[A];2000年中國地球物理學(xué)會(huì)年刊——中國地球物理學(xué)會(huì)第十六屆年會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

7 丁興;周新民;孫濤;;華南陸殼基底的幕式生長——來自廣東古寨花崗閃長巖中鋯石LA-ICPMS定年的信息[A];中國礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第十屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

8 石耀霖;劉榮;范桃園;;從新西蘭望大別山——什么條件下陸殼可以俯沖到超高壓變質(zhì)深度[A];1998年中國地球物理學(xué)會(huì)第十四屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];1998年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄭慶榮;山西中北部陸殼演化特征研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：2099297