本文選題：洛河流域 + 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：洛河流域研究區(qū)處于黃土高原中部,具有典型黃土地貌特點(diǎn)。在降雨、河流侵蝕等自然因素以及人類工程活動(dòng)的誘發(fā)下,以滑坡為主的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害廣泛發(fā)育。本文以整個(gè)洛河流域地區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,借用GIS平臺(tái)搭建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),綜合已有地質(zhì)調(diào)查資料,利用MapGIS采編數(shù)據(jù)和ArcGIS分析數(shù)據(jù)的功能,歸納了整個(gè)研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)育類型和分布規(guī)律,并且應(yīng)用加權(quán)信息量法建立評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)該地區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。開展的主要工作如下：(1)綜合已有黃土高原地質(zhì)資料,利用MapGIS繪制1：：100萬(wàn)黃土高原地質(zhì)圖、地貌圖等,從中截取洛河流域地區(qū),作為本文研究的基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)資料圖件。(2)根據(jù)已有的地質(zhì)資料,結(jié)合野外調(diào)查的實(shí)際情況,統(tǒng)計(jì)了該研究區(qū)內(nèi)已查明主要發(fā)育的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害2886處,以滑坡為主,占全部地質(zhì)災(zāi)害總數(shù)的82%,其次為崩塌和不穩(wěn)定斜坡,大約共占總數(shù)的17%,還有1%的其他地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。借用GIS平臺(tái)搭建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),利用ArcGIS分析柵格數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資料,為該區(qū)域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的評(píng)價(jià)分析提供了豐富的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。(3)通過(guò)GIS軟件對(duì)災(zāi)害信息的統(tǒng)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害以土質(zhì)成分為主,中型規(guī)模居多,主要集中發(fā)育在洛河流域中部的黃土梁、峁、塬溝谷地區(qū),以及洛河及其支流兩側(cè)的河谷地區(qū)。同時(shí)滑坡、崩塌等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)育還受到降雨、植被以及人工活動(dòng)的影響。(4)選取8個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子作為易發(fā)性評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)：災(zāi)害點(diǎn)密度、坡度、坡型、地層巖性、河流、植被、降雨和居民活動(dòng)等。應(yīng)用層次分析法對(duì)其加權(quán),通過(guò)信息量模型,同時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)8個(gè)因子的信息量,然后綜合考慮8個(gè)因子的權(quán)重及其信息量,繪制出整個(gè)洛河流域的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性分區(qū)圖。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,高易發(fā)區(qū)面積占到總面積的43%,其主要分布在洛河主干流以及一級(jí)支流流經(jīng)區(qū)域,中易發(fā)區(qū)占30%,主要分布在洛河二、三級(jí)支流流經(jīng)區(qū)域,低易發(fā)區(qū)占到26%,主要分布在洛河源頭以及洛河下游區(qū)域。本文研究成果可為該流域經(jīng)濟(jì)布局和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:The study area of Luohe River Basin is located in the middle of Loess Plateau and has typical loess geomorphologic features. Induced by natural factors such as rainfall, river erosion and human engineering activities, the geological hazards mainly caused by landslides are widely developed. This paper takes the whole Luohe River Basin as the research object, uses the GIS platform to build the database, synthesizes the existing geological survey data, uses MapGIS to collect and compile the data and the ArcGIS analysis data function. The types and distribution of geological hazards in the whole study area are summarized, and the evaluation model is established by using weighted information method to evaluate the vulnerability of geological hazards in this area. The main works are as follows: (1) synthesizing the geological data of Loess Plateau, using MapGIS to draw 1: 1 million Loess Plateau geological map, geomorphological map, etc., from which to intercept the Luohe River Basin, As the basic geological data map studied in this paper. (2) according to the existing geological data, combined with the actual situation of field investigation, 2886 main geological hazards have been identified in the study area, mainly landslide. It accounts for 82% of the total geological hazards, followed by collapses and unstable slopes, accounting for about 17% of the total, and 1% of other geological hazards. Using GIS platform to build database and using ArcGIS to analyze raster database data, this paper provides abundant basic data for the evaluation and analysis of geological hazards in the region. (3) Statistics of disaster information through GIS software. It is found that the landslide and other geological hazards are mainly of soil composition, with medium scale being the majority. They are mainly developed in the loess beams, knolls and gullies in the central part of the Luohe River Basin, as well as in the valley areas on both sides of the Luohe River and its tributaries. At the same time, the development of geological hazards such as landslide and collapse is also affected by rainfall, vegetation and artificial activities. (4) eight evaluation factors are selected as indicators of vulnerability evaluation: disaster point density, slope type, stratigraphic lithology, river, vegetation, etc. Rain, activities, etc. It is weighted by Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the information content of 8 factors is counted by the information quantity model, and then the geological hazard susceptibility zoning map of the whole Luohe River basin is drawn by considering the weight and the information content of the eight factors synthetically. The statistical analysis shows that the area of high susceptibility area accounts for 43% of the total area. It is mainly distributed in the main stream of the Luohe River and the first grade tributary flow through the area, and the middle susceptible area accounts for 30%, mainly in the area of the second and third grade tributaries of the Luohe River. The low-risk area accounts for 26%, mainly distributed in the source of the Luohe River and the lower reaches of the Luohe River. The research results in this paper can be used for reference for the economic distribution and geological hazard prevention of the basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P694

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本文編號(hào)：2082556