本文選題：南黃海盆地 + 中部隆起�。� 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院海洋研究所)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：中部隆起作為南黃海盆地面積最大的構(gòu)造單元,是區(qū)域構(gòu)造演化研究的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域,也是當(dāng)前盆地資源調(diào)查的潛力區(qū)。基于南黃海中部隆起的第一口全取心深鉆CSDP-2井,通過系統(tǒng)的巖心描述、分析測試、測井及地震解釋等綜合分析,采用多種研究方法和模擬技術(shù),對中部隆起的埋藏史和構(gòu)造熱演化史進行了研究。CSDP-2井第一階段鉆探依次揭示新近系、三疊系、二疊系、石炭系及泥盆系部分地層。在地層格架建立、地震解釋及剝蝕量計算的基礎(chǔ)上,恢復(fù)了地層埋藏史。研究表明,中部隆起區(qū)在晚泥盆紀(jì)陸相沉積基礎(chǔ)上,石炭紀(jì)開始海侵并轉(zhuǎn)為海相沉積為主,但沉積速率較低,二疊紀(jì)早期沉積速率顯著加快,早二疊世末期區(qū)域隆升及海退形成典型的海陸交互相沉積,進入三疊紀(jì)受印支運動影響,中部隆起處于擠壓構(gòu)造背景之下,CSDP-2井在二疊系泥巖段鉆遇的地層滑脫面,推斷為該期逆沖構(gòu)造作用的結(jié)果,中-晚白堊世開始,中部隆起長期處于隆升剝蝕階段,聲波時差法計算的剝蝕厚度為1220m,鏡質(zhì)體反射率法估算的剝蝕厚度為1400m,直至新近紀(jì)時期全區(qū)的整體拗陷沉降,開始發(fā)育了一套未固結(jié)的松散沉積層。CSDP-2井測井揭示的恒溫帶深度約為80m,溫度為15.8℃,中性點深度大致在1100m附近,現(xiàn)今地溫梯度平均值變化范圍在24.11~24.28℃/km。通過古地溫梯度法、流體包裹體測溫及磷灰石裂變徑跡隨機反演等對中部隆起熱演化史進行了研究。結(jié)果顯示晚古生界在石炭紀(jì)末期古地溫在40℃左右,早二疊世有一期顯著的升溫過程并隨后趨于平穩(wěn)。至二疊紀(jì)末期存在短暫升溫過程,三疊紀(jì)整體較為穩(wěn)定,快速的升溫過程出現(xiàn)在晚三疊世至早中侏羅世,此時中部隆起尚未發(fā)生大規(guī)模隆升剝蝕作用,地層厚度大,鏡質(zhì)體反射率模擬得到的石炭系最高古地溫可達190℃,二疊系最高古地溫可達170℃,最高古熱流可達126mW/m~2,古地溫梯度法計算得到的二疊系最高古地溫梯度為59℃/km,遠(yuǎn)高于現(xiàn)今地溫梯度。晚侏羅世開始的區(qū)域抬升引起古地溫及熱流均呈下降趨勢,但早白堊世期間的盆地整體裂陷發(fā)育及陸相沉積速率的加快引起古熱流及古地溫小幅回升,至中-晚白堊世剝蝕速率加快,古地溫持續(xù)降低,而古熱流直到白堊紀(jì)末期盆地裂陷發(fā)育基本結(jié)束之后才開始下降。二疊系砂巖樣品磷灰石裂變徑跡熱史反演結(jié)果顯示其早白堊世期間尚未進入部分退火帶,古地溫約為100~140℃,與包裹體測溫結(jié)果一致。熱史反演結(jié)果反映兩期明顯的快速降溫過程,自晚白堊世至古新世早期為一期冷卻事件,古地溫下降到約80℃,之后為緩慢降溫過程,至漸新世末期進入另一期快速冷卻過程,并持續(xù)到中新世早期。新近紀(jì)以來,古地溫緩慢升高至現(xiàn)今地溫狀態(tài)�；诟倪M的McKenzie拉張模型理論,將地球動力學(xué)模擬技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)古溫標(biāo)法相結(jié)合,對南黃海北部坳陷進行構(gòu)造熱演化史研究,表明中部隆起和北部坳陷作為同屬南黃海盆地的二級構(gòu)造單元,其白堊紀(jì)以來的熱史演化趨勢具有一致性,整體表現(xiàn)為伸展斷陷盆地的熱史演化趨勢特征,即裂陷期古熱流逐漸增高,進入裂后期古熱流開始降低,差異在于中部隆起古熱流整體較北部坳陷低,前者晚白堊世末期最高約為70 mW/m~2,而北部坳陷古新世早期可達71.7~75.5 mW/m~2,最高可達80mW/m~2。
[Abstract]:The central uplift, which is the largest structural unit in the South Yellow Sea basin, is the key area for the study of regional tectonic evolution and the potential area of current basin resource investigation. The first full coring deep drilling CSDP-2, based on the central uplift of the South Yellow Sea, has been analyzed by comprehensive analysis of core description, analysis and testing, logging and seismic interpretation. Research methods and simulation techniques have been carried out on the burial history of the central uplift and the history of tectonic thermal evolution. The first stage drilling of.CSDP-2 well has revealed the Neogene, the Triassic, Permian, Carboniferous and Devonian parts. On the basis of the establishment of the stratigraphic framework, the seismic interpretation and the calculation of the amount of denudation, the history of the buried strata has been restored. On the basis of Late Devonian continental facies deposits in the middle uplift area, the Carboniferous period began to transgression and converted to marine sediments, but the deposition rate was lower, and the early Permian sedimentary rate was significantly accelerated. The regional uplift and sea retreat formed typical marine intercontinental sedimentary facies at the end of the early Permian, and the middle uplift was influenced by the Triassic Indosinian movement. Under the background of extrusion structure, the detachment surface of the formation of CSDP-2 well in the Permian mudstone section is deduced as the result of the thrust structure in this period. From the middle Late Cretaceous, the central uplift was long in the uplift and erosion stage, the thickness of the denudation calculated by the acoustic wave time difference method was 1220m, and the denudation thickness estimated by the vitrinite reflectance method was 1400m until recently. The whole depression subsidence of the whole region began to develop a set of unconsolidated loose sedimentary layer.CSDP-2 well logging revealed that the depth of the constant temperature zone was about 80m, the temperature was 15.8 degrees C, the depth of the neutral point was approximately 1100m, and the average variation range of the geothermal gradient was at 24.11~24.28 C / km. through the paleo geothermal gradient method and the fluid inclusions. The thermal evolution history of the middle uplift was studied by random inversion of apatite fission track. The results showed that the Paleozoic Paleozoic at the end of the Carboniferous period was about 40 C, and the early Permian period had a significant warming process and then tended to be stable. The course appeared from the late three fold to the early Middle Jurassic. At this time, the central uplift has not yet occurred large scale uplift and denudation, the thickness of the strata is large, the highest paleo temperature of the Carboniferous system obtained by the vitrinite reflectance simulation can reach 190 degrees C, the highest paleo temperature of the Permian system can reach 170 C, the highest paleo heat flow can reach 126mW/m~2, and the Permian system obtained by the paleo geothermal gradient method is calculated. The highest paleo geothermal gradient is 59 /km, far higher than the present geothermal gradient. The uplift of the late Jurassic caused the decline of the paleotemperature and heat flow, but the development of the overall rifting and the acceleration of the continental deposition rate during the early Cretaceous period caused the paleo heat and the paleo geotemperature to rise slightly, and the erosion rate of the middle Late Cretaceous accelerated and the ancient land was in the ancient land. The temperature continued to decrease, and the paleo heat flux began to decline until the end of the Cretaceous period. The inversion of the thermal history of the apatite fission track in the Permian sandstone sample shows that the early Cretaceous has not yet entered a part of the annealing zone, and the paleo geotemperature is about 100~140 C, which is in accordance with the results of the enveloped temperature measurement. The inversion results of thermal history reflect the results of the inversion of thermal history. Two distinct rapid cooling processes, from the late Cretaceous to the early Palaeocene epoch as one stage cooling event, descended to about 80 degrees C, and then slowly cooled down to another stage of the Oligocene to the early stage of the middle Miocene. Since the Neocene, the Paleogene temperature has been slowly rising to the present geothermal state. Based on the improved M CKenzie stretching model theory, combining the geodynamic simulation technique with the traditional paleo thermo scale method, studies the tectonic thermal evolution history of the northern depression of the South Yellow Sea. It shows that the central uplift and the northern depression are the two level tectonic units of the South Yellow Sea basin, and the thermal history evolution trend since the Cretaceous period is consistent, and the overall performance is extension. The thermal history trend of the basin is characterized by the gradual increase of the paleo heat flow in the period of the rifting period and the decrease of the paleo heat flow in the late stage of the crack. The difference lies in the lower paleo heat flow in the central uplift than the northern depression, the former is about 70 mW/m~2 at the end of the late Cretaceous, and the Paleocene in the northern depression can reach 71.7~75.5 mW/m~2, up to 80mW/m~2..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院海洋研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P542;P736.1

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