本文選題：滲透率 + 巖石物理�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：滲透率是描述多孔介質(zhì)和裂隙介質(zhì)中流體流動能力強(qiáng)弱的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。儲層滲透率的分布特征直接影響油氣的分布、運(yùn)移和開采,對油氣藏的勘探和以后的開發(fā)有重要意義。目前許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),地震響應(yīng)中包含有儲層滲透率信息,因此,本文以巖石物理為基礎(chǔ),研究了砂巖儲層滲透率對地震響應(yīng)的影響特征,以求為實(shí)際預(yù)測儲層滲透率特征提供有效指導(dǎo)。本文基于斑塊飽和模型,以三類砂巖儲層為例,分析了地震波傳播過程中速度頻散和衰減現(xiàn)象,以及儲層滲透率對其影響的特征:三類砂巖儲層中,未固結(jié)砂巖儲層地震波頻散和衰減最明顯,其次是中等壓實(shí)砂巖儲層,最后是固結(jié)良好砂巖儲層;滲透率對地震頻散和衰減有明顯影響,滲透率越大地震波頻散和衰減越強(qiáng);滲透率影響衰減峰值對應(yīng)的頻率值,隨滲透率增大峰值對應(yīng)的頻率值向高頻方向移動。以未固結(jié)砂巖儲層為例,分析了含氣-油儲層與含氣-水儲層中地震波頻散和衰減的異同,含氣-油儲層中地震波頻散和衰減現(xiàn)象明顯弱于含氣-水儲層,滲透率在含氣-油儲層中對地震波頻散及衰減有明顯影響。基于Trapeznikova給出的吸收介質(zhì)中地震波垂直入射時(shí),反射系數(shù)和相位角公式,分析了滲透率對反射系數(shù)及相位角的影響特征:滲透率對三類砂巖儲層尤其中等壓實(shí)砂巖儲層界面反射系數(shù)和相位角有明顯影響,甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生相位極性反轉(zhuǎn)。在Trapeznikova反射系數(shù)公式基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)了反射系數(shù)頻率梯度的近似表達(dá)式,驗(yàn)證其在Q大于10時(shí)與精確式無異;滲透率對反射系數(shù)頻率梯度有明顯影響,滲透率越大反射系數(shù)頻率梯度越大;對比分析了三類砂巖儲層中1/Q和反射系數(shù)頻率梯度對滲透率變化的敏感性,在中等壓實(shí)和未固結(jié)砂巖儲層中,兩者敏感度相差不大,而在固結(jié)良好砂巖儲層中,反射系數(shù)頻率梯度在高頻、低頻處敏感度相對較高。采用F-K域波動方程正演模擬研究了滲透率對儲層界面反射波振幅的影響特征,三類砂巖儲層中,滲透率對儲層界面處反射波振幅有明顯影響,儲層下界面反射波相對上界面有明顯衰減,且滲透率越大衰減越強(qiáng);采用傅里葉變換分析了儲層下界面反射波振幅譜特征,滲透率對反射波主頻有較大影響,反射波主頻隨滲透率增加向低頻方向移動�；赯oeppritz方程研究了三類砂巖儲層中滲透率對AVO曲線的影響特征,三類砂巖儲層中AVO曲線特征不相同;滲透率對AVO曲線影響不大,曲線的基本發(fā)展趨勢不隨滲透率變化而改變;入射角不同滲透率對反射系數(shù)的影響不同,入射角越大反射系數(shù)對滲透率變化越敏感。綜上所述,儲層的地震響應(yīng)中包含有滲透率信息,儲層滲透率對地震波頻散、衰減及儲層界面反射系數(shù)、反射振幅等有明顯影響。因此本文數(shù)值模擬成果對預(yù)測儲層滲透率特性有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Permeability is a sign to describe the strength and weakness of fluid flow in porous media and fractured medium. The distribution of reservoir permeability directly affects the distribution of oil and gas, and it is of great significance to the exploration and future development of oil and gas reservoirs. Based on rock physics, the influence of sandstone reservoir permeability on seismic response is studied in order to provide effective guidance for the prediction of reservoir permeability characteristics. Based on the patch saturation model, the velocity dispersion and attenuation phenomena during seismic wave propagation and reservoir permeability are analyzed with three types of sandstone reservoir as an example. The characteristics of influence: in the three types of sandstone reservoirs, the seismic wave dispersion and attenuation of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs are most obvious, followed by medium compacted sandstone reservoirs, and finally the consolidation of good sandstone reservoirs; permeability has an obvious influence on seismic dispersion and attenuation, the greater the permeability is, the stronger the dispersion and attenuation of seismic waves, and the influence of permeability on the corresponding frequency of attenuation peak. An unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is taken as an example to analyze the differences and similarities between seismic wave dispersion and attenuation in gas oil reservoirs and gas and water reservoirs, and the dispersion and attenuation of seismic waves in gas oil reservoirs are obviously weaker than those in gas and water reservoirs, and permeability in gas oil reservoirs is an earthquake. The wave frequency dispersion and attenuation have obvious influence. Based on the vertical incidence of seismic waves in the absorption medium given by Trapeznikova, the formula of reflection coefficient and phase angle is used to analyze the influence of permeability on the reflection coefficient and phase angle. The permeability has an obvious influence on the reflection coefficient and phase angle of the three types of sandstone reservoirs, especially in the medium isobaric solid sandstone reservoir. On the basis of the Trapeznikova reflection coefficient formula, the approximate expression of the frequency gradient of the reflection coefficient is derived. It is proved that it is no different from the exact formula when the Q is greater than 10. The permeability has an obvious influence on the frequency gradient of the reflection coefficient, the greater the permeability is, the greater the frequency gradient of the reflection coefficient, and the comparison and analysis of the three types of sandstone. The sensitivity of 1/Q and the frequency gradient of reflection coefficient to permeability change in the reservoir is very different in medium and unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. In the well consolidated sandstone reservoir, the frequency gradient of the reflection coefficient is high at high frequency and low frequency. The permeability equation is studied by the forward modeling of the wave equation in the F-K domain. In the three sandstone reservoir, the permeability has an obvious influence on the amplitude of reflected wave at the reservoir interface, and the reflection wave at the lower interface is obviously attenuated, and the greater the permeability is, the greater the permeability is, the Fourier transform is used to analyze the characteristics of the amplitude spectrum of the reflection wave at the lower interface of the reservoir, and the permeability is reflected by the permeability. The main frequency of the wave has great influence. The main frequency of the reflected wave moves with the permeability increasing to the low frequency direction. Based on the Zoeppritz equation, the influence of the permeability on the AVO curve in the three types of sandstone reservoirs is studied. The characteristics of the AVO curve in the three sandstone reservoirs are different; the permeability has little influence on the AVO curve, and the basic development trend of the curve does not change with the permeability. The influence of the different permeability on the reflection coefficient is different, the greater the angle of incidence is, the more sensitive to the permeability change. In summary, the seismic response of the reservoir contains permeability information, and the reservoir permeability has an obvious influence on the seismic wave dispersion, attenuation and the reflection amplitude of the reservoir interface, and the reflection amplitude. The results are of guiding significance for predicting reservoir permeability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312;P631.4

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本文編號：2078270