本文選題：活動構造 + 彌勒-師宗斷裂�。� 參考：《成都理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來地質災害頻繁發(fā)生,活動構造的研究備受關注。活動構造在地質災害預測與預防、工程穩(wěn)定性評價以及現(xiàn)代地球動力學研究中具有重要意義,地震活動的頻繁發(fā)生與活動構造的分布有著極其密切的關系。因此,查明活動斷裂的分布、活動特征是很有必要的。研究區(qū)位處滇東—黔西隆起區(qū),新生代以來受青藏高原隆升的影響,區(qū)內河流縱向切割、地形破碎、山高谷深、坡陡流急。對研究區(qū)地貌特征的分析及活動斷裂的提取可以作為未來工程施工、地災防范、地震預測的依據(jù)。本文選取興義地區(qū)為研究區(qū),通過對DEM、ETM數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析,對研究區(qū)高程、坡度地貌信息、活動斷裂的提取及地形條帶剖面分析,并結合野外調查結果,取得以下認識:1)通過人機交互的手段,應用ETM數(shù)據(jù)進行742波段彩色合成,結合Google Earth高清圖像,在研究區(qū)共提取了34條活動斷裂,其中在安龍斷裂中段識別出一小型拉分盆地,其中長約2.3-2.7km,寬約0.7-0.8km,其長寬比介于4:1~3:1之間,具有拉分盆地的特征。此外,根據(jù)遙感解譯結果,北東向斷裂具有多期活動特征,先前北西、近南北向斷層明顯被北東向斷裂切割,結合野外地質調查發(fā)現(xiàn)小羊角沖斷裂晚新生代是一條右行-逆沖斷裂。2)地震活動是地殼運動的一種特殊表現(xiàn)形式,常與活動斷裂息息相關。近年來,地震頻繁發(fā)生嚴重危及到人類的生命及財產安全。通過解譯的活動斷裂分布圖與地震數(shù)據(jù)疊加,可以看出研究區(qū)內地震分布很不均勻,4級以上地震主要分布于活動斷裂附近常單獨出現(xiàn);小震主要集中在北東向以及近南北向斷裂附近呈帶狀分布。3)通過DEM高程、坡度及條帶剖面分析,晚新生代以來研究區(qū)中西部,明顯受斷裂活動控制,河谷形態(tài)呈深“V”型,其中在雄武地區(qū),受革上斷裂帶的影響,強烈的抬升造成北西側沿木扎斷裂斷陷,最大上升降量達400m;其次升降運動受老斷裂影響具有不均衡性和間歇性的特點,山地中廣泛分布層狀地貌,存在著四級夷平面、四層溶洞及三級河流階地。4)根據(jù)溶洞、河流階地光釋光年齡數(shù)據(jù)顯示,僅獲得Ⅱ、Ⅰ級階地及古溶洞年齡,其中Ⅱ級階地獲得兩個年齡數(shù)據(jù),分別為57.4±5.7Ka和61.6±6.2Ka,Ⅰ級階地年齡為35.1±3.5Ka,根據(jù)各級階地的相對河拔高度為110m和3m,Ⅱ級階地依據(jù)獲取的最老年齡計算出平均抬升速率為4.04m/Ka,Ⅰ級階地的平均抬升速率為0.08m/Ka;古溶洞中所獲得的年齡為30.9±3.1Ka,拔河高度約為26m,平均抬升速率為0.84m/Ka。
[Abstract]:Geological hazards occur frequently in recent years, and the study of active structures has attracted much attention. Active structures play an important role in geological hazard prediction and prevention engineering stability evaluation and modern geodynamics research. The frequent occurrence of seismic activity is closely related to the distribution of active structures. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the distribution and characteristics of active faults. The study area is located in the uplift region of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, which has been affected by the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the Cenozoic. The rivers in the region are cut longitudinally, the topography is broken, the mountain is high and the valley is deep, and the slope is steep. The analysis of geomorphological features and the extraction of active faults in the study area can be used as the basis for future engineering construction, disaster prevention and earthquake prediction. In this paper, Xingyi area is selected as the study area. By processing and analyzing the data of demm ETM, the elevation, slope geomorphology information, active fault extraction and topographic strip section analysis of the study area are analyzed, and the results of field investigation are combined. Get the following understanding: 1) by means of human-computer interaction, using ETM data for 742 band color synthesis, combined with Google Earth high-definition images, 34 active faults were extracted in the study area, among which a small pull basin was identified in the middle of the Anlong fault. Among them, the length is about 2.3-2.7km, the width is about 0.7-0.8km, and the aspect ratio is between 4: 1 and 3: 1, which is characterized by a pull-apart basin. In addition, according to the results of remote sensing interpretation, the NE-trending fault has the characteristics of multi-stage activity, and the NW and NNE faults were obviously cut by the NNE fault. Combined with the field geological investigation, it is found that the late Cenozoic of the Xiaoyangjiaochong fault is a right-lateral thrusting fault .2) the seismicity is a special form of crustal movement, which is often closely related to the active fault. In recent years, frequent earthquakes have seriously endangered the safety of human life and property. Through the interpretation of the active fault distribution map and seismic data superposition, it can be seen that the earthquake distribution in the study area is very uneven M 鈮，

本文編號：2068183