本文選題：蘇北盆地 + 中新生代��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：蘇北盆地經(jīng)過(guò)近50余年的勘探研究,在地球物理、沉積、構(gòu)造和油氣方面取得了系列成果認(rèn)識(shí),主要還存在一下的一些問(wèn)題：(1)成盆動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制尚不明確；(2)原型盆地類型及演化存在多種認(rèn)識(shí)等。本文以蘇北盆地為原型,依據(jù)現(xiàn)今地震、鉆井等資料,開(kāi)展地震資料的解釋,重建現(xiàn)今構(gòu)造格局。同時(shí)基于構(gòu)造動(dòng)力學(xué)背景分析,以對(duì)區(qū)內(nèi)骨干剖面利用平衡剖面分析技術(shù)去還原、重塑該區(qū)中新生代不同關(guān)鍵時(shí)期的構(gòu)造格局和盆地原型面貌,探討差異構(gòu)造演化特征。取得了如下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)：一、系統(tǒng)理清了蘇北盆地成盆動(dòng)力學(xué)背景早白堊世,蘇北盆地所處的下?lián)P子地塊與周緣造山帶的碰撞造山奠定了盆地的構(gòu)造格局：南斷北超以及自西向東構(gòu)造由NE向→近東西向→NWW向的弧形展布。晚白堊世-古新世,太平洋板塊向歐亞大陸之下俯沖的板塊俯沖角度增大,太平洋板塊的高角度潛沒(méi)和回卷產(chǎn)生的地幔楔內(nèi),對(duì)流以垂向上涌為特征,使歐亞大陸東部地殼逐漸拉伸垮塌-變薄,同時(shí)由于印度板塊與歐亞板塊的碰撞,導(dǎo)致了中國(guó)東部處于SE-NW向的右旋張扭。二、建立起了蘇北盆地構(gòu)造格架縱向上將蘇北盆地蓋層劃分為斷拗期構(gòu)造層、斷陷期構(gòu)造層、坳陷期構(gòu)造層,其中斷陷期構(gòu)造層進(jìn)一步劃分出兩個(gè)次級(jí)構(gòu)造層。橫向上各凹陷都表現(xiàn)為南斷北超的箕狀斷陷特征,各凹陷的軸向與凹陷中古近系各沉降中心軸向大致相同。蘇北盆地中以建湖隆起相隔,東臺(tái)坳陷與鹽阜坳陷中各凹陷均呈現(xiàn)右雁行式排列,其中尤以東臺(tái)坳陷中各凹陷的雁行式排列最為明顯。三、完善了蘇北盆地構(gòu)造單元?jiǎng)澐?確立了斷陷類型基于斷陷期沉降幅度和后期改造強(qiáng)度,將斷陷分為3種結(jié)構(gòu)類型：裂陷型、斷-拗型和斷-翹型。裂陷型有高郵凹陷；斷-坳型有金湖、溱潼凹陷；斷-翹型斷陷較多,包括洪澤、海安等凹陷。整體上蘇北盆地受郯廬斷層走滑作用,斷-翹型較多。四、明確了斷裂體系特征及對(duì)構(gòu)造的控制作用綜合考慮斷層尺度、卷入斷層變形的地層等因素綜合分析基礎(chǔ)上可將盆地的斷層分為蓋層滑脫型斷層、基底卷入型主干斷層和基底卷入型次級(jí)斷層等三種類型,其中基底卷入型主干斷層大多都是借助印支—燕山期區(qū)域性逆沖斷層面發(fā)生反轉(zhuǎn)位移而形成的NE—NNE向斷層,對(duì)始新世斷陷的凹陷或次凹邊界斷層起到控制作用�；拙砣胄椭鞲蓴鄬酉蛏顚友由靹t可能與地殼深層的拆離斷層連接構(gòu)成更大尺度的連鎖伸展斷層系統(tǒng),或在中地殼層軟弱層中滑脫構(gòu)成的地殼尺度的滑脫斷層系統(tǒng)。五、確立了盆地構(gòu)造演化期次及性質(zhì)依據(jù)盆地蓋層內(nèi)部的角度不整合和盆地沉降、斷層活動(dòng)特征可將盆地分為晚白堊世-古新世、始新世和新近紀(jì)-第四紀(jì)等三期盆地。晚白堊世-古新世盆地發(fā)育大量基底卷入型小位移正斷層,盆地沉降快速而均勻,顯示地殼均勻裂陷伸展形成的坳陷、坳陷-斷坳型伸展盆地特征；始新世盆地中的次級(jí)基底斷層活動(dòng)明顯衰減,而主干斷層強(qiáng)烈活動(dòng),盆地沉降差異明顯,塊斷升降運(yùn)動(dòng)明顯,顯示地殼非均勻裂陷伸展造成的主干正斷層、走滑正斷層上盤(pán)斷陷型伸展盆地特征；新近紀(jì)—第四紀(jì)斷層活動(dòng)基本停止,盆地整體緩慢沉降,顯示后裂陷階段由于熱巖石圈冷卻作用形成的熱拗陷型盆地特征。六、闡明了盆地差異構(gòu)造演化特征泰州組-阜寧組一段沉積期洪澤凹陷的伸展率最大,其次為高郵凹陷。整體上西部和中部各凹陷伸展率相對(duì)較大。沉積速率以金湖凹陷和高郵凹陷最大,海安和鹽城凹陷相對(duì)較小。阜寧組二-四段沉積期,蘇北盆地最大伸展率凹陷遷移至各中心部位,其最大伸展速率分布位于高郵凹陷-溱潼凹陷,各坳陷東西兩側(cè)伸展率相對(duì)減小。沉積速率以高郵凹陷最大。戴南組沉積期高郵凹陷的伸展率最大,其次為海安凹陷,再次為洪澤凹陷、溱潼凹陷。沉積速率亦以高郵凹陷最大。三垛組沉積期高郵凹陷的伸展率最大,盆地中高郵、海安、鹽城凹陷伸展作用則減弱。七、建立起了盆地構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬泰州組-阜寧組一段沉積期主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度以洪澤凹陷最強(qiáng),其次高郵凹陷,其中洪澤凹陷靠近斷裂帶附近主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度最大,,高郵凹陷主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度高值區(qū)主要集中于凹陷南部,金湖凹陷高值區(qū)域集中于金湖-寶應(yīng)之間的區(qū)域。阜寧組二-四段沉積期主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度以溱潼凹陷、高郵凹陷最強(qiáng),溱潼凹陷主張應(yīng)力高值區(qū)集中于西南部,由東北→西南呈現(xiàn)逐漸增強(qiáng)的趨勢(shì),而高郵凹陷主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度高值區(qū)主要集中于凹陷南部,靠近模擬區(qū)域的邊界呈現(xiàn)高值主要是邊界效應(yīng)的噪聲,屬于無(wú)效值。戴南組沉積期主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度以高郵凹陷最強(qiáng),高郵凹陷主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度高值區(qū)主要集中于凹陷南部。三垛組沉積期主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度以洪澤凹陷最強(qiáng),洪澤凹陷靠近斷裂帶附近主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度最大,斷裂帶中部最為明顯,高郵凹陷主張應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度高值區(qū)主要集中于凹陷南部。金湖凹陷高值區(qū)域集中于金湖-寶應(yīng)之間的區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:After nearly 50 years of exploration and research, the North Subei basin has made a series of achievements in geophysical, sedimentary, tectonic and oil and gas fields, and there are still some problems: (1) the mechanism of basin dynamics is not yet clear; (2) the type and evolution of the archetypal basin have a variety of understanding. The interpretation of seismic data and the reconstruction of the present structural pattern are carried out. Based on the structural dynamic background analysis, the structure pattern and the prototype of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the region are remodeled by the technique of equilibrium profile analysis, and the characteristics of the differential tectonic evolution are discussed. First, the system clarifies the early Cretaceous in the basin dynamic background of the northern Jiangsu Basin, and the collision orogeny of the lower Yangtze block and the perimeter orogenic belt in the North Jiangsu Basin laid the tectonic framework of the basin: the South fault and the west to the east structure from the NE to the near East-West to the NWW direction. The plate subduction angle of the subduction of the Eurasian continent is increasing, the high angle subduction of the Pacific plate and the mantle wedge in the rewinding of the Pacific plate are characterized by the vertical upwelling, which leads to the gradual collapse of the eastern Eurasian continental crust and the thinning of the earth's crust, while the collision between the India plate and the Eurasian plate leads to the right in the east of the SE-NW direction in the east of China. Two, the tectonic framework of Subei basin has been established to divide the caprock layer of Subei basin into the fault depression period structure layer, the fault depression period tectonic layer and the depression stage structure layer, in which the tectonic layer of the fault depression is further divided into two secondary tectonic layers. The center of each subsidence center in the middle Paleogene is roughly the same axis. In the northern Jiangsu Basin, the Dongtai depression and the Yanfu depression are all arranged in the right goose row, especially in the depression in the Dongtai depression. Three, the division of the construction unit of the northern Jiangsu Basin is perfected and the fault type is based on the fault depression. The period settlement amplitude and the later transformation strength can be divided into 3 structural types: rift type, fault depression type and broken and warping type. The rift type has Gaoyou sag, the fault depression type has Jinhu, the Qin Tong sag, and the fault and warp type fault depression is more, including the Hongze and Haian depression. The whole Subei basin is subjected to the Tan Lu fault strike slip, and the fault - warp type is more. Four, clear. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the fault scale and the control of the structure, the basin's faults can be divided into three types, such as the cover layer slip fault, the basement involved main fault and the basement involved secondary fault on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the fault scale and the formation of the strata involved in the fault deformation, of which the main basement involved main faults are mostly borrowed. The NE - NNE trending fault occurred in the Indo branch - Yanshan regional reverse thrust fault, which controls the depression or subconcave boundary faults in the Eocene fault depression. The slip fault system of the crustal scale formed by the slippage in the weak layer of the middle crust. Five, the tectonic evolution period of the basin has been established and the nature of the basin is based on the angle unconformity and basin settlement within the caprock of the basin. The characteristics of the fault activity can be divided into the late Cretaceous - Paleocene, the Eocene and the Neogene - quaternary basins. The basin developed a large number of small displacement normal faults with basal involvement type in the Miocene basin. The basin subsidence was fast and uniform, showing the depression of the crust, depression and depression type extensional basins, the secondary basement faults in the Eocene basin were obviously attenuated, and the main faults were strongly active, the basin settlement difference was obvious, block and fall movement Obviously, it shows the main fault of the main crust caused by the unevenly split extension of the crust, the feature of the faulted extensional basin in the strike slip normal fault, the fault activity of the Neogene Quaternary period basically stopped, the whole basin subsiding slowly and the characteristics of the heat depression basin formed by the cooling of the thermal lithosphere in the stage of the post crack depression. Six, the difference of the basin was clarified. The tectonic evolution features the largest extension rate of the Hongze depression in the first section of the Taizhou formation and Funing formation, followed by the Gaoyou sag. The extensional rates of the depression in the western and central regions are relatively large. The deposition rate is the largest in Jinhu and Gaoyou depression, and the Haian and Yancheng depression are relatively small. The maximum extensional rate of the Funing formation in the two - four period and the maximum extension rate in the northern Jiangsu Basin The sag migrated to the central part of the Gaoyou sag - the Qin Tong sag, the East and west sides of the depression were relatively reduced. The deposition rate was the largest in the Gaoyou sag. The Gaoyou sag was the largest in the dentan depression, followed by the Haian sag, and the Hongze sag and the Qin Tong sag. The deposition rate was also Gaoyou. The sag is the largest. The extensional rate of Gaoyou depression in the three stack period is the largest, and the extension of Gaoyou, Haian and Yancheng depression in the basin is weakened. Seven, the tectonic stress field of the basin is set up to simulate the main tensile stress intensity of the Taizhou formation and Funing formation period, the strongest in Hongze sag, and the Gaoyou depression in Hongze depression near the fault zone. The stress intensity of the Gaoyou sag is mainly concentrated in the south of the sag, and the high value region of the Jinhu sag is concentrated in the region between Jinhu and Baoying. The main tensile stress intensity of the two - four section of the Funing formation is the Qin Tong sag, the Gaoyou sag is the strongest, and the high value area of the main tensile stress in the Qin Tong sag is concentrated in the southwest and East from the East. The north to the southwest shows a tendency to increase gradually, while the Gaoyou sag maintains that the high stress intensity area is mainly concentrated in the south of the depression. The boundary near the simulated area shows that the high value is mainly the boundary effect noise, which belongs to the invalid value. The main tensile stress intensity of the Dai Nan formation is the strongest in the Gaoyou sag, and the main tensile stress intensity area of the Gaoyou sag is the main area. It is concentrated in the south of the depression. The main tensile stress intensity in the three stacks period is the strongest in Hongze sag, the main tensile stress near the Hongze sag near the fault zone, the most obvious in the middle of the fault zone. The high value area of the main tensile stress intensity in the Gaoyou sag is mainly concentrated in the south of the sag. The high value region of the Jinhu sag is concentrated in the region between Jinhu and Baoying.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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