本文選題：地面沉降 + 時(shí)態(tài)GIS　； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地面沉降地質(zhì)災(zāi)害是我國乃至世界范圍內(nèi)較為常見的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,我國華北平原、長江三角洲、汾渭盆地區(qū)域?yàn)?zāi)害情況尤為突出,對社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。地面沉降災(zāi)害具有明顯的時(shí)序特征,基于地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)研究地面沉降災(zāi)害不僅需要表達(dá)地面沉降災(zāi)害的空間和屬性信息,還需表達(dá)其時(shí)態(tài)特性。傳統(tǒng)無時(shí)間概念的靜態(tài)GIS中,數(shù)據(jù)只能反映地面沉降災(zāi)害在某個(gè)時(shí)刻的“快照”,數(shù)據(jù)無法直觀表達(dá)地面沉降災(zāi)害在時(shí)間上的變化,難以對數(shù)據(jù)的更新變化進(jìn)行分析,更不能預(yù)測地面沉降災(zāi)害的未來趨勢。本文利用時(shí)態(tài)地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù),首先對地面沉降災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)空語義及時(shí)空變化過程進(jìn)行了分析,為時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)建模奠定了基礎(chǔ)。其次,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型和地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空變化特點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了基于動(dòng)態(tài)多級基態(tài)修模型的地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型。依據(jù)該模型從概念設(shè)計(jì)、邏輯設(shè)計(jì)和物理設(shè)計(jì)三個(gè)層次設(shè)計(jì)了現(xiàn)狀庫、歷史庫和工作庫的“3庫”結(jié)構(gòu)的地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究了時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)一體化存儲(chǔ)、更新等內(nèi)容。最后,利用ESRI Geodatabase對所設(shè)計(jì)的地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行了實(shí)現(xiàn),完成了地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)一體化存儲(chǔ)及地面沉降災(zāi)害的時(shí)空查詢及回溯。本文主要探討了地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型和數(shù)據(jù)庫的構(gòu)建問題,為地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和管理提供了理論與技術(shù)方法支撐。論文主要取得如下成果:(1)分析了地面沉降災(zāi)害的時(shí)空語義及時(shí)空變化過程,結(jié)合動(dòng)態(tài)多級基態(tài)修正時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型的優(yōu)點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了地面沉降時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型,研究了基于該模型的地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)的組織、存儲(chǔ)方法。(2)基于序列快照模型和動(dòng)態(tài)多級基態(tài)修正時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)模型設(shè)計(jì)并構(gòu)建了地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫。結(jié)合地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)以及時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)原則,設(shè)計(jì)了“3庫”結(jié)構(gòu):現(xiàn)狀庫、歷史庫和工作庫,從概念設(shè)計(jì)、邏輯設(shè)計(jì)和物理設(shè)計(jì)完成了時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界到物理世界的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫更新機(jī)制。(3)以Geodatabase數(shù)據(jù)庫為平臺(tái),對地面沉降災(zāi)害時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行了實(shí)現(xiàn),完成了時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)一體化存儲(chǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)了時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)的查詢和回溯。
[Abstract]:Ground subsidence geological hazard is a common geological hazard in China and even in the world. The regional disasters in North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta and Fen-Wei Basin are particularly prominent, which have a great impact on the sustainable development of social economy. Land subsidence disaster has obvious temporal characteristics. The study of land subsidence disaster based on GIS technology not only needs to express the spatial and attribute information of land subsidence disaster, but also need to express its temporal characteristics. In the traditional static GIS with no time concept, the data can only reflect the "snapshot" of the land subsidence disaster at a certain time, and the data can not express the time change of the land subsidence disaster directly, so it is difficult to analyze the update change of the data. Moreover, the future trend of land subsidence disaster can not be predicted. In this paper, temporal Geographic Information system (TGIS) technology is used to analyze the temporal and spatial semantics and the process of spatiotemporal variation of land subsidence disaster data, which lays a foundation for spatiotemporal data modeling. Secondly, the spatio-temporal data model of land subsidence disaster based on dynamic multilevel ground state modification model is constructed based on the existing spatio-temporal data model and the space-time variation characteristics of land subsidence disaster. According to this model, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disaster is designed from three levels of conceptual design, logical design and physical design, including the present situation database, the history database and the work database, and the spatio-temporal data integration storage and updating are studied. Finally, using ESRI Geodatabase, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disasters is implemented, and the spatio-temporal data storage of land subsidence disasters and the spatio-temporal query and backtracking of land subsidence disasters are completed. This paper mainly discusses the construction of spatio-temporal data model and database of land subsidence disasters, which provides theoretical and technical support for the storage and management of space-time data of land subsidence disasters. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatio-temporal semantics and the process of spatio-temporal variation of land subsidence disaster are analyzed. The spatio-temporal data model of land subsidence is constructed by combining the advantages of dynamic multi-level ground state modified spatio-temporal data model. The spatial and temporal data organization and storage method of land subsidence disaster based on this model are studied. (2) based on the sequential snapshot model and the dynamic multilevel ground state modified spatio-temporal data model, the spatio-temporal database of land subsidence disaster is designed and constructed. According to the characteristics of space-time data of land subsidence disaster and the design principle of spatio-temporal database, this paper designs the structure of "three databases": actuality database, history database and work database. Logical design and physical design complete the realization of spatio-temporal database from the real world to the physical world, and on this basis, the updating mechanism of spatio-temporal database is discussed. (3) taking Geodatabase database as the platform, The spatiotemporal database of land subsidence disaster is realized, and the spatio-temporal data is stored integrally, and the query and backtracking of spatio-temporal data are realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P628.4;P642.26

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