本文選題：復雜山地 + 地震采集　； 參考：《中國石油大學(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,在我國西部和南方的勘探項目中,復雜山地地震采集項目占有越來越高的比例。根據(jù)第三次全國油氣資源評價分析,我國剩余石油資源主要分布在沙漠、黃土塬、山地以及海域等地區(qū)。其中西部地區(qū)的前陸盆地沖斷帶、大型隆起帶和大面積地層巖性油氣藏以及南方的碳酸鹽巖發(fā)育區(qū)都是我國未來油氣勘探的主要領域,具有很大的勘探開發(fā)前景。這些勘探區(qū)域都具有地表或地下結構非常復雜的特點(即地表高差大、起伏劇烈,巖性變化大;地下高陡構造、逆掩斷裂、復雜巖性),使得勘探部署風險增大和勘探難度增大,對地震勘探技術要求很高,迫切需要研究相應的技術來解決這些復雜山地地區(qū)所遇到的各種困難。為能夠在復雜地表和地下地質條件下獲取最佳的地震資料,本文從野外試驗資料的綜合分析、近地表模型的建立、地震采集激發(fā)參數(shù)的選擇、接收條件的限定、觀測系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設計、分析和評價手段等幾個角度開展了技術研究,取得了明顯的進展。在精細近地表模型建模及激發(fā)井深優(yōu)化方面改進了復雜地表區(qū)近地表一致建模技術,開發(fā)了相應的方法軟件模塊,通過多種近地表調查資料的對比解釋,建立一致的、精細近地表結構模型,為地震勘探生產提供野外激發(fā)井深設計和野外靜校正量,為高精度地震數(shù)據(jù)采集提供更為精確的基礎資料。在觀測系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設計及變觀方面,從討論遙感影像存在幾何畸變的原因入手,系統(tǒng)地分析了遙感影像的多種幾何精校正算法,從控制點數(shù)目、算法復雜性、適用性以及計算機實現(xiàn)的關鍵技術等幾個方面討論了不同算法、不同控制點數(shù)目對遙感影像幾何精校正精度和計算速度的影響。進而編寫了相應的遙感影像精校正模塊,實際應用結果表明基于仿射變換的校正方法能夠較好地校正遙感影像,基于該精校正處理后的遙感影像做野外觀測系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設計和變觀,能有效地提高生產時效,節(jié)約采集成本。針對地下構造形態(tài)的影響造成的地震波場異常與CRP分布不均勻性,開展了基于復雜地表和地質條件下的觀測系統(tǒng)CRP屬性分析技術,利用高斯射線束正演模擬技術進行正演模擬并計算各個目標層位CRP屬性分布情況,通過分析CRP覆蓋次數(shù)、炮檢距、方位角等屬性優(yōu)化、評估三維地震觀測系統(tǒng),研究觀測系統(tǒng)對于地下目標層成像的有效性,評價、優(yōu)選觀測系統(tǒng),降低目標層采集痕跡影響,編寫了方法軟件模塊,與現(xiàn)有采集設計軟件互補,完善技術流程。本文基于地質勘探目標將逐點激發(fā)井深設計技術、基于遙感影像的觀測系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設計和變觀技術和基于CRP屬性分析的觀測系統(tǒng)設計及評價方法相結合,形成了合理有效的地震采集設計技術,有效提高了復雜山地地震采集信噪比和連續(xù)性,推動了地震勘探技術的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in the exploration projects in the west and south of China, the complex mountain seismic acquisition projects account for a higher and higher proportion. According to the third evaluation of oil and gas resources in China, the remaining petroleum resources are mainly distributed in desert, loess plateau, mountainous area and sea area. The thrust belt of Foreland basin, large uplift zone and lithologic reservoir in large area and carbonate rock development area in the south of China are the main fields of oil and gas exploration in the future in our country, and have a great prospect of exploration and development. All of these exploration areas are characterized by very complex surface or underground structures (i.e., large surface height differences, sharp fluctuations, large lithologic changes, high and steep underground structures, overthrust faults and complex lithology, which increase the risk of exploration deployment and increase the difficulty of exploration. Because of the high requirement of seismic exploration technology, it is urgent to study the corresponding techniques to solve the difficulties encountered in these complex mountainous areas. In order to obtain the best seismic data under the complex surface and underground geological conditions, this paper analyzes the field test data synthetically, the establishment of near-surface model, the selection of excitation parameters of seismic acquisition, and the limitation of receiving conditions. The technical research on the optimal design, analysis and evaluation of the observation system has been carried out, and obvious progress has been made. In the aspects of fine near-surface model modeling and excitation depth optimization, the consistent modeling technology in complex surface area is improved, the corresponding software module is developed, and the consistency is established through the comparison and interpretation of various near-surface survey data. The fine near-surface structure model provides the field excitation depth design and field static correction for seismic exploration and production, and provides more accurate basic data for high-precision seismic data acquisition. In the aspect of optimal design and variable view of observation system, starting with discussing the reason of geometric distortion in remote sensing image, this paper systematically analyzes various geometric precision correction algorithms of remote sensing image. The number of control points and the complexity of the algorithm are analyzed. The effects of different algorithms and the number of control points on the precision and calculation speed of geometric precision correction of remote sensing image are discussed in the aspects of applicability and key technology of computer implementation. The application results show that the correction method based on affine transformation can correct the remote sensing image well. The optimized design and variable view of the field observation system based on the refined corrected remote sensing image can effectively improve the production efficiency and save the acquisition cost. Aiming at the anomaly of seismic wave field and the heterogeneity of CRP distribution caused by the influence of underground structural form, the CRP attribute analysis technique of observation system based on complex surface and geological conditions is developed. The Gao Si beam forward modeling technology is used to simulate and calculate the distribution of Gao Si attributes in each target horizon. By analyzing the optimization of Gao Si coverage times, offset, azimuth and so on, the 3D seismic observation system is evaluated. This paper studies the effectiveness of the observation system for the imaging of the underground target layer, evaluates and selects the observation system, reduces the influence of the collection trace of the target layer, compiles the method software module, complements with the existing acquisition and design software, and perfects the technical flow. Based on geological exploration target, this paper combines point by point excitation depth design technology, observation system optimization design based on remote sensing image and variable observation technology, and observation system design and evaluation method based on CRP attribute analysis. A reasonable and effective seismic acquisition design technology has been formed which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and continuity of seismic acquisition in complex mountainous areas and promote the development of seismic exploration technology.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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