本文選題：碳酸鹽巖 + 縫洞��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究區(qū)位于我國西南部重要的天然氣產(chǎn)出基地四川盆地。該區(qū)油氣地質(zhì)勘探,始于建國初期,至今經(jīng)歷了幾十年的勘探開發(fā)實踐,由淺層至深層發(fā)現(xiàn)了侏羅系、三疊系以及更老的二疊系氣藏。近年來隨著四川盆地油氣勘探的進(jìn)展,二疊系海相地層顯現(xiàn)了較大的勘探潛力,加上目前氣田內(nèi)陽新統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)井基本處于關(guān)停狀態(tài),因此有必要對陽新統(tǒng)的剩余資源量進(jìn)行開發(fā)。研究區(qū)儲層巖性主要為致密灰?guī)r,基質(zhì)孔隙度和滲透率低,儲存空間主要由裂縫、孔洞組成。由于溶蝕和構(gòu)造運(yùn)動等作用形成的縫洞系統(tǒng)極其復(fù)雜,具有大小懸殊、形態(tài)多樣、分布不均、成因及形成時期不同等特點(diǎn),給本區(qū)的油氣預(yù)測帶來一定的困難。本文首先運(yùn)用鉆井、測井、巖心、地震等資料對陽新統(tǒng)儲層地質(zhì)特征綜合分析,然后通過地震正演模擬和工區(qū)典型老井的地震剖面來分析縫洞型儲層在地震剖面上的響應(yīng)特征,總結(jié)了地震方法對縫洞發(fā)育帶的可識別性及識別原理。采用了隨機(jī)地震反演技術(shù)來預(yù)測儲層的分布規(guī)律。其次分別運(yùn)用疊后地震資料屬性分析技術(shù)和疊前裂縫密度檢測技術(shù)進(jìn)行縫洞發(fā)育帶的預(yù)測和描述。最后運(yùn)用頻譜衰減技術(shù)和疊前AVO技術(shù)進(jìn)行儲層的含流體性評價研究。分析各種方法的應(yīng)用效果,并將成果與鉆井、生產(chǎn)資料進(jìn)行對比分析,最終達(dá)到預(yù)測出儲層有利區(qū)域的目的。通過本次研究工作,在本區(qū)碳酸鹽巖儲層縫洞體預(yù)測研究方面主要取得了以下幾個方面的認(rèn)識:(1)在本區(qū)油氣預(yù)測中必須找到裂縫、溶蝕孔同時發(fā)育的區(qū)域,是獲得工業(yè)性氣流的保障。通過鉆井、測井、巖心、地震等資料分析,本區(qū)的儲層主要位于茅口組茅三、茅二段,為一套海相碳酸鹽巖地層。巖性主要為灰?guī)r,質(zhì)地較純,橫向沉積穩(wěn)定,基巖致密,基質(zhì)孔隙度和滲透率很低,但裂縫滲透率很高。儲集空間主要由溶蝕孔、洞組成,裂縫為滲流通道。(2)縫洞體在震剖面上的響應(yīng)特征主要表現(xiàn)在地震波速度、振幅、頻率均發(fā)生明顯變化。通過地震正演模擬和反演分析研究表明:縫洞體速度小于圍巖速度。地震振幅表現(xiàn)在同相軸分叉合并、時差增大、波形畸變、雜亂或空白反射、短軸強(qiáng)峰強(qiáng)谷等特征。當(dāng)?shù)卣鸩ù┻^含有流體縫洞體時,高頻成分會很快衰減掉,地震主頻向低頻方向移動,頻帶寬度變窄。(3)陽新統(tǒng)的裂縫帶的發(fā)育與斷層緊密相關(guān),地震振幅屬性對裂縫更為敏感。在地震勘探提供精細(xì)解釋構(gòu)造成果和斷層分布的基礎(chǔ)上,通過運(yùn)用疊后相干技術(shù)、曲率屬性和疊前P波方位各向異性裂縫檢測綜合預(yù)測裂縫發(fā)育帶所取得的效果較好。本文通過儲層地震預(yù)測方法研究與本區(qū)的實際勘探相結(jié)合,證明了方法的適用性和有效性,促進(jìn)了本區(qū)的碳酸鹽巖儲層勘探的發(fā)展,也為我們深入研究儲層裂縫的識別積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗
[Abstract]:The research area is located in the Sichuan Basin, an important natural gas production base in the southwest of China. Oil and gas geological exploration in this area began at the early stage of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and has gone through several decades of exploration and development practice. Jurassic, Triassic and older Permian gas reservoirs have been discovered from shallow to deep layers. In recent years, with the development of oil and gas exploration in Sichuan Basin, the Permian marine strata have shown great exploration potential, and the production wells of the present gas field in Yangxin are basically closed down. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the remaining resources of Yangxin. The reservoir lithology in the study area is mainly dense limestone, the matrix porosity and permeability are low, and the storage space is mainly composed of fractures and pores. The fracture and cavity system formed by dissolution and tectonic movement is extremely complex, with the characteristics of great difference in size, variety in shape, uneven distribution, and different origin and formation period, which brings some difficulties to the prediction of oil and gas in this area. In this paper, the geological characteristics of Yangxin reservoir are analyzed synthetically by drilling, logging, core and seismic data, and then the response characteristics of fractured and cavernous reservoirs on seismic profile are analyzed by seismic forward modeling and seismic profile of typical old wells in the working area. The recognition principle of seismic method for fracture and cavity development zone is summarized. Stochastic seismic inversion technique is used to predict reservoir distribution. Secondly, the post-stack seismic data attribute analysis technique and prestack fracture density detection technique are used to predict and describe the fracture and cavity development zone. Finally, spectrum attenuation technique and pre-stack AVO technique are used to evaluate the fluidity of reservoir. The application effect of various methods is analyzed, and the results are compared with drilling and production materials, and the purpose of predicting favorable reservoir area is finally achieved. Through this research work, in the area carbonate reservoir fracture-cavity body prediction research has mainly obtained the following several aspects understanding: 1) in this area oil and gas prediction must find the fracture, the dissolution pore simultaneously develops the area, Is to obtain the protection of industrial airflow. Through the analysis of drilling, logging, core and seismic data, the reservoir in this area is mainly located in Mao-3 and Mao-2 of Maokou formation, which is a set of marine carbonate strata. The lithology is mainly limestone with pure texture, stable lateral deposition, dense bedrock, low porosity and permeability of matrix, but high fracture permeability. The reservoir space is mainly composed of dissolved pores and caverns, and the fractures are seepage channels. The response characteristics of the fractured voids on the seismic profile are mainly reflected in the obvious changes of seismic wave velocity, amplitude and frequency. Through seismic forward modeling and inversion analysis, it is shown that the velocity of fractures and cavities is smaller than that of surrounding rock. The seismic amplitude is characterized by in-phase axial bifurcation, increased time difference, waveform distortion, clutter or blank reflection, short axis strong peak and valley, and so on. When the seismic wave passes through the body containing fluid cracks, the high frequency component will decay quickly, the main frequency of the earthquake will move to the direction of low frequency, and the frequency band width will become narrower.) the development of the fracture zone of Yangxin series is closely related to the fault, and the seismic amplitude attribute is more sensitive to the fracture. On the basis of the fine structural interpretation and fault distribution provided by seismic exploration, the comprehensive prediction of fracture development zone by using poststack coherence technique, curvature attribute and prestack P wave azimuthal anisotropic fracture detection is better. Through the research of reservoir seismic prediction method and the actual exploration in this area, this paper proves the applicability and validity of the method, and promotes the development of carbonate reservoir exploration in this area. It also accumulates rich experience for us to study the identification of reservoir fractures in depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13;P631.4

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本文編號：2035312