本文選題：海相碳酸鹽巖 + 孔隙壓力　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海相碳酸鹽巖層系是我國(guó)目前和未來(lái)油氣資源的重要接替區(qū),它所在的地層埋藏深,成孔隙、裂縫、孔洞發(fā)育,結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜。對(duì)異常高壓的預(yù)測(cè)分為鉆前和隨鉆兩個(gè)方面。鉆前預(yù)測(cè)主要依靠地震手段,適合于勘探程度較低的區(qū)域,但由于深度大、火成巖、鹽膏巖的影響和屏蔽作用,導(dǎo)致地震資料品質(zhì)差,預(yù)測(cè)精度低；在勘探程度較高的地區(qū),可以通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)壓力數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析或建立三維壓力數(shù)據(jù)體系來(lái)準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)。隨鉆預(yù)測(cè)主要依靠隨鉆錄井技術(shù)。由于碎屑巖地層具備連續(xù)的沉積壓實(shí)作用,根據(jù)欠壓實(shí)原理,可通過(guò)地震層速度、dc指數(shù)等資料對(duì)地層孔隙壓力進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。而碳酸鹽巖地層的化學(xué)膠結(jié)作用大于機(jī)械壓實(shí)作用,其異常高壓成因機(jī)制及預(yù)測(cè)方法都不同于碎屑巖地層,因而難度更大。碳酸鹽巖地層異常高壓預(yù)測(cè)是真正的世界級(jí)難題。其異常高壓成因機(jī)制及預(yù)測(cè)方法都不同于碎屑巖地層,因而研究難度很大。如果不能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)地層孔隙壓力,鉆完井等工程設(shè)計(jì)與施工將缺乏有效基礎(chǔ)參數(shù),可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致工程施工中復(fù)雜故障發(fā)生,甚至出現(xiàn)安全事故,大大制約了海相碳酸鹽巖油氣資源的勘探開發(fā)進(jìn)程。本文在了解相關(guān)理論背景,研究狀況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的基礎(chǔ)之上,再結(jié)合川東北地區(qū)海相碳酸鹽巖層易生成異常高壓氣藏的特點(diǎn),利用海相碳酸鹽巖聲波特性規(guī)律識(shí)別與預(yù)測(cè)異常高壓氣層。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括四個(gè)部分,第一部分為海相碳酸鹽巖異常壓力成因機(jī)制分析,通過(guò)相關(guān)資料分析得到產(chǎn)生異常高壓的機(jī)制有液態(tài)烴類的熱裂解增壓作用、天然氣自下而上的充注增壓作用、構(gòu)造擠壓增壓作用和蓋層對(duì)高壓力的保持作用。產(chǎn)生壓力下降的機(jī)制有地層抬升剝蝕的降溫減壓作用、TSR反應(yīng)的泄壓作用和構(gòu)造抬升降壓作用。第二部分對(duì)海相碳酸鹽巖縱波速度進(jìn)行了理論分析,包括巖石縱波速度方程的建立與推導(dǎo)、巖石骨架與孔隙流體縱波速度的分析。得出了巖石縱波速度由骨架速度項(xiàng)和孔隙流體速度項(xiàng)組成；骨架縱波速度項(xiàng)取決于巖性和孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),決定了縱波速度的變化趨勢(shì),孔隙流體縱波速度項(xiàng)取決于巖石中孔隙壓力的大小,導(dǎo)致縱波速度將會(huì)出現(xiàn)小幅度波動(dòng)。并從理論上推導(dǎo)出了孔隙流體對(duì)縱波速度的貢獻(xiàn)可正、負(fù)和0的條件。第三部分通過(guò)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)論證了引起巖石縱波速度出現(xiàn)小幅度波動(dòng)的因素主要來(lái)源于巖石孔隙壓力的大小,孔隙流體對(duì)巖石縱波速度的貢獻(xiàn)可正、可負(fù)和為零的條件。計(jì)算出了孔隙流體對(duì)巖石縱波速度貢獻(xiàn)正負(fù)與否的臨界壓力。為利用巖石聲波特性規(guī)律預(yù)測(cè)海相碳酸鹽巖地層孔隙壓力提供了理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)支撐。最后一個(gè)研究部分為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用與論證部分。利用巖石聲波特性規(guī)律識(shí)別出異常高壓氣層段所在的深度,并且預(yù)測(cè)出異常高壓力均在臨界壓力之上,最后根據(jù)相關(guān)井史資料和各井區(qū)的實(shí)測(cè)壓力數(shù)據(jù)論證了利用聲波特性規(guī)律預(yù)測(cè)異常高壓的準(zhǔn)確性。為海相碳酸鹽巖地層孔隙壓力預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立提供了一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate rock series is an important replacement area for oil and gas resources in China at present and in the future. Its strata are buried deep, pore formation, crack, hole development and complex structure. The prediction of abnormal high pressure is divided into two aspects: pre drilling and drilling. The pre drilling prediction mainly depends on the seismic section, which is suitable for low exploration area, but it is deep in depth. Large scale, igneous rock and salt and gypsum rock are affected and shielded, which results in poor quality of seismic data and low prediction accuracy. In areas with higher exploration degree, the statistical analysis of measured pressure data or three dimensional pressure data system can be used to predict accurately. In accordance with the principle of under compaction, the pore pressure can be predicted by seismic layer velocity and DC index according to the principle of under compaction. The chemical cementation of carbonate strata is greater than that of mechanical compaction. The formation mechanism of abnormal high pressure and the prediction method are different from the clastic rock formation, thus the difficulty is greater. Carbonate rock formation is different. High pressure prediction is a real world class problem. The cause mechanism and prediction method of abnormal high pressure are different from the clastic rock formation, so it is very difficult to study. If the pore pressure can not be predicted accurately, the engineering design and construction of drilling and completion will lack the effective basic parameters, which may lead to the complicated faults in the construction and even the construction of the engineering. The occurrence of safety accidents has greatly restricted the exploration and development process of marine carbonate oil and gas resources. On the basis of understanding the relevant theoretical background, the research situation and the development trend, the characteristics of the abnormal high-pressure gas reservoirs in the marine carbonate rocks in the northeast of Sichuan Province are easily formed, and the characteristics of the marine carbonate rocks are identified and preformed by the characteristics of the acoustic characteristics of marine carbonate rocks. The main research contents of this paper include four parts. The first part is the analysis of the formation mechanism of the abnormal pressure of marine carbonate rocks. Through the analysis of the related data, the mechanism of abnormal high pressure is the thermal cracking pressurization of liquid hydrocarbon, the pressurization effect of natural gas from the bottom to the top, and the construction of pressurization and supercharging. The mechanism of the formation of the high pressure. The mechanism of the pressure drop is the cooling and decompression effect of stratigraphic uplift and erosion, the pressure relief action of the TSR reaction and the structural lifting and depressurization. The second part analyses the longitudinal wave velocity of the marine carbonate rock, including the establishment and deduction of the velocity equation of the rock longitudinal wave, the rock skeleton and the pore fluid longitudinal. The analysis of wave velocity shows that the longitudinal velocity of the rock is composed of the skeleton velocity term and the pore fluid velocity term. The term of the longitudinal wave velocity of the skeleton depends on the lithology and pore structure, which determines the variation trend of the longitudinal wave velocity. The term of the longitudinal wave velocity of the pore fluid depends on the size of the pore pressure in the rock, resulting in a small amplitude fluctuation in the longitudinal wave velocity. The contribution of the pore fluid to the P-wave velocity is derived theoretically and the positive, negative and 0 conditions are derived. The third part proves that the factors that cause the small amplitude fluctuation of the rock longitudinal wave velocity are mainly derived from the size of the pore pressure of the rock, and the contribution of the pore fluid to the rock longitudinal wave velocity is positive, negative and zero. The critical pressure that the pore fluid contributes positive or negative to the rock longitudinal wave velocity is calculated. The theoretical and experimental support is provided for predicting the pore pressure of the marine carbonate rock formation by using the law of rock acoustic characteristics. The last part is the field application and demonstration part. The abnormal high-pressure gas reservoir is identified by the law of the acoustic wave characteristics of rock. The depth of the section and the prediction of the abnormal high pressure are above the critical pressure. Finally, according to the relevant well history data and the measured pressure data of each well area, the accuracy of predicting abnormal high pressure using sound wave characteristics is demonstrated, which provides a certain reference value for the establishment of pore pressure prediction model for marine carbonate strata.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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本文編號(hào)：2020120