發(fā)布時間：2018-06-14 10:07

  本文選題：北羌塘坳陷 + 古風(fēng)化殼�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：羌塘盆地是我國最大的陸域海相含油氣沉積盆地,其以中生代地層為主要出露,位處全球油氣資源寶庫特提斯域構(gòu)造帶東段,盆內(nèi)烴源巖層豐富,從古生代-中生代均有出露,雖然該區(qū)擁有異常豐富的烴源巖,但儲集層相對致密且缺乏是該區(qū)形成優(yōu)質(zhì)油藏的一個難題,而肖茶卡組與那底崗日組之間的古風(fēng)化殼的發(fā)現(xiàn)無疑為解決這個難題提供了一個契機(jī)。近年來我國已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量與古風(fēng)化殼有關(guān)的油氣藏,如四川盆地高石1井、雙探2井,又或者是鄂爾多斯盆地馬家溝組、松遼盆地營城組等,都顯示出了古風(fēng)化殼之于油氣成藏的重要意義,但針對碳酸鹽巖古風(fēng)化殼而言,其非均質(zhì)性很強(qiáng),分布規(guī)律異常復(fù)雜,這無疑增加了對風(fēng)化殼油氣成藏研究的難度。本次研究依據(jù)北羌塘坳陷構(gòu)造演化特征,以野外地質(zhì)勘測為主,結(jié)合地質(zhì)學(xué)、地層學(xué)、巖相學(xué)、礦相學(xué),并輔以儲層地質(zhì)學(xué)對北羌塘坳陷古風(fēng)化殼進(jìn)行多學(xué)科綜合研究,結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)古風(fēng)化殼受區(qū)域性分帶發(fā)育影響常呈正凸起直接超覆于任意地層之上(區(qū)內(nèi)主要以肖茶卡地層為主),巖溶垮塌角礫巖為殼體剖面識別的重要標(biāo)志;研究區(qū)風(fēng)化作用呈現(xiàn)出北強(qiáng)南弱,西強(qiáng)東弱的特點(diǎn),地化特征上表現(xiàn)為Ce輕微負(fù)異常、Eu明顯負(fù)異常,說明殼體在形成過程中受當(dāng)時氧化環(huán)境影響,元素產(chǎn)生分異。此外,古風(fēng)化殼作為潛在儲層主要發(fā)育有豐富的溶蝕孔洞,其中以大型溶蝕洞穴為埋藏期尚未暴露的殼體中潛在的優(yōu)質(zhì)儲集空間,大量縫隙發(fā)育為古風(fēng)化殼下滲流體提供了良好的運(yùn)移通道,一定程度上保證了埋藏期殼體溶蝕孔洞系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育,對古風(fēng)化殼形成時代來說,目前并未有較好的辦法能予以測定,僅憑其上下地層時代厘定其上限年齡,至于其下限年齡還有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Qiangtang basin is the largest marine sedimentary basin in China. It is mainly exposed in Mesozoic strata, located in the eastern segment of the Tethys tectonic belt, a treasure house of global oil and gas resources, and rich in hydrocarbon source rocks in the basin, which is exposed from Paleozoic to Mesozoic. Although there are abundant hydrocarbon source rocks in this area, the relatively dense reservoir and lack of reservoir is a difficult problem to form high-quality reservoirs in this area. The discovery of paleo-weathering crust between Xiao Chaka formation and Nadigang Ri formation provides an opportunity to solve this problem. In recent years, a large number of oil and gas reservoirs related to paleo-weathering crusts have been discovered in China, such as Gaoshi 1 well, Shuangtang 2 well in Sichuan Basin, or Majiagou formation in Ordos Basin, Yingcheng formation in Songliao Basin, etc. Both show the importance of paleo-weathering crust in hydrocarbon accumulation, but for carbonate paleo-weathering crust, its heterogeneity is very strong and its distribution law is very complicated, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of studying hydrocarbon accumulation in weathered crust. Based on the structural evolution characteristics of the North Qiangtang Depression and the field geological survey, this study combined with geology, stratigraphy, lithology, mineralogy and reservoir geology to study the paleo-weathered crust of the North Qiangtang Depression. The results show that the paleo-weathering crust in the study area is usually directly overlying on any stratum by the influence of regional zonation development (the main strata in the study area are Xiaocha formation and the karst collapse breccia is an important mark for the identification of shell profile; The weathering in the study area shows the characteristics of north strong, south weak, west strong and east weak. The geochemical characteristics show that ce is slightly negative anomaly and EU is obviously negative anomaly, which indicates that the shell is affected by the oxidation environment at that time and the elements are different during the formation process. In addition, the paleo-weathered crust as a potential reservoir has abundant dissolution pores, in which the large dissolution cave is regarded as the potential high quality reservoir space in the shell that has not been exposed in the burial period. A large number of gaps provide a good migration channel for the osmotic fluid in the paleo-weathered crust, which to some extent ensures the development of the cave system in the shell during the burial period. There is no good method to measure the formation of the paleo-weathered crust at present. The upper limit age is determined only by its upper and lower stratigraphic age, and the lower limit age needs further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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