本文選題：黃土塬 + 疊前去噪�。� 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震數(shù)據(jù)采集過(guò)程中受到外界條件的干擾,得到的地震資料混有大量的噪音干擾,這些干擾能量強(qiáng),分布廣泛,大大降低了資料的質(zhì)量,也影響了一系列疊前處理工作。對(duì)于地震資料處理而言,追求的是高信噪比和高分辨率,高信噪比可以為后續(xù)一系列處理工作的精度打下良好的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),高分辨率則為精細(xì)地震解釋提供有力保障。高信噪比是高分辨率的基礎(chǔ),為了得到高分辨率和高保真度的地震資料,就要做好疊前去噪工作。而在鄂爾多斯黃土塬地區(qū),地形、地貌條件復(fù)雜,表層有黃土層覆蓋,溝壑縱橫,海拔高程變化較大,在黃土、淤泥、礫石等疏松沉積覆蓋區(qū),激發(fā)、接收條件受到很大的影響,表層低降速帶的厚度及速度變化大,地震波吸收衰減嚴(yán)重,在這樣的背景下得到的地震資料干擾更為嚴(yán)重,能量更強(qiáng),頻帶更寬,信噪比極低。對(duì)于黃土塬地區(qū)的地震資料,疊前去噪作為提高信噪比的有力手段,更是顯得尤為重要。本論文歸納了地震資料中常見(jiàn)的噪音干擾類(lèi)型,簡(jiǎn)單討論了一些噪音的形成機(jī)理以及相應(yīng)的壓制方法,具體分析了各種去噪方法的原理以及在使用過(guò)程中的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn);總結(jié)了鄂爾多斯盆地黃土塬區(qū)地震資料特點(diǎn),以及現(xiàn)階段黃土塬地區(qū)疊前去噪技術(shù)方法研究現(xiàn)狀,并根據(jù)研究區(qū)地震資料特點(diǎn)制定合理疊前去噪流程,針對(duì)不同的噪聲類(lèi)型及其在資料中的頻譜特征、能量特征等,在保真保福的前提下,選擇合適的方法進(jìn)行壓制;并將地震數(shù)據(jù)放在不同的數(shù)據(jù)集和數(shù)據(jù)域中,分析噪音的特點(diǎn),使噪音和有效信號(hào)的差異最大化,再利用相應(yīng)的方法去噪。對(duì)于近炮點(diǎn)異常能量,本文提出了炮域分頻去噪的方法,取得了較好的效果;對(duì)于面波等,本論文運(yùn)用f-x域去噪的方法;對(duì)于異常低頻和高頻強(qiáng)能量則采用了隨機(jī)道頭去噪的方法。此外,本文還進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)模擬野外組合激發(fā),探究野外的組合激發(fā)對(duì)資料處理品質(zhì)的影響。同時(shí)還對(duì)處理流程中的去噪次序做出簡(jiǎn)單討論,對(duì)本文所使用的去噪方法的效果進(jìn)行了分析。最后對(duì)疊前的去噪方法進(jìn)行了整體總結(jié),尤其對(duì)提高鄂爾多斯盆地黃土塬區(qū)地震資料信噪比的處理方法進(jìn)行探討,對(duì)該區(qū)地震資料的處理方法有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí),得出了適用于研究區(qū)的去噪方法,取得了較為理想的去噪效果。
[Abstract]:In the process of seismic data acquisition, the seismic data are disturbed by external conditions, and the seismic data are mixed with a large amount of noise interference. These interference energy is strong and widely distributed, which greatly reduces the quality of data and affects a series of prestack processing work. For seismic data processing, the pursuit of high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution, high SNR can lay a good data base for the accuracy of a series of subsequent processing work, and high resolution can provide a strong guarantee for fine seismic interpretation. High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the basis of high resolution. In order to obtain high resolution and high fidelity seismic data, pre-stack denoising must be done well. In the loess plateau area of Ordos, the topography and geomorphology conditions are complex, the surface layer is covered with loess soil, the gully is vertical and horizontal, the elevation changes greatly, and in the loose sedimentary cover area such as loess, silt, gravel and so on, it is stimulated, The receiving conditions are greatly affected, the thickness and velocity of the surface low velocity drop zone vary greatly, and the absorption and attenuation of seismic wave are serious. Under this background, the interference of seismic data is more serious, the energy is stronger, the frequency band is wider, and the signal-to-noise ratio is very low. For seismic data in loess tableland, prestack denoising as a powerful means to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is particularly important. In this paper, the common types of noise interference in seismic data are summarized, and the formation mechanism of some noise and the corresponding suppression methods are briefly discussed, and the principle of various denoising methods and their advantages and disadvantages in the process of application are analyzed in detail. This paper summarizes the characteristics of seismic data in loess tableland area of Ordos Basin, and the present situation of research on pre-stack denoising techniques in loess plateau area, and formulates a reasonable pre-stack denoising process according to the characteristics of seismic data in the studied area. According to different noise types and their spectral and energy characteristics in the data, the proper method is chosen to suppress the noise under the premise of fidelity, and the seismic data is placed in different data sets and data fields to analyze the characteristics of noise. The difference between the noise and the effective signal is maximized, and the corresponding method is used to remove the noise. For the abnormal energy near the shot point, this paper puts forward the method of de-noising in the shot domain, and obtains better results, for the surface wave and so on, this paper uses the de-noising method in f-x domain. For the abnormal low frequency and high frequency strong energy, the method of random trace head denoising is adopted. In addition, the effect of field combination excitation on data processing quality is investigated. At the same time, the de-noising order in the process flow is discussed briefly, and the effect of the denoising method used in this paper is analyzed. Finally, the prestack denoising method is summarized, especially the method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic data in loess plateau area of Ordos Basin is discussed, and the processing method of seismic data in this area is further understood. The denoising method suitable for the research area is obtained, and the better denoising effect is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.44

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