本文選題：原生高烴地下水 + 水巖烴相互作用　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：高烴地下水是指地下水中總石油類濃度超過0.05mg/L(地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ類水質(zhì)標準)的地下水。按成因分為次生及原生高烴地下水。不同于次生高烴地下水,原生高烴地下水是在天然環(huán)境中形成,會極大的消減地下水受納有機烴類的能力并引發(fā)一系列環(huán)境問題。在歷時五年對貴州織金北部地區(qū)三疊系淺層含水層水質(zhì)監(jiān)測過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)內(nèi)大部分作為飲用水源的地下水中石油類濃度長期超過0.05mg/L,而痕量的次生有機物,不能形成長期大范圍高烴地下水現(xiàn)象,指示原生淺層高烴地下水的存在。本文運用室內(nèi)外實驗相結(jié)合的方法,主要開展兩方面進行研究:1、貴州三疊系地層生烴潛力探究;2、地層中有機質(zhì)向淺層地下水環(huán)境中遷移轉(zhuǎn)換途徑探究。具體研究內(nèi)容及成果主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個方面:A.“補”——三疊系淺層原生高烴地下水的來源研究區(qū)三疊系地層具備一定程度釋烴能力。通過對區(qū)內(nèi)三疊系下統(tǒng)永寧鎮(zhèn)組(T1yn)至上統(tǒng)須家河組(T3x)地層的沉積環(huán)境、古生物類型、化學組分、生烴潛力及生物標志物特征分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)內(nèi)三疊系地層沉積過程整體呈現(xiàn)海相逐漸向陸相轉(zhuǎn)變的特點,存在多個海進與海退旋回。不同時期地層生烴潛力不一。永寧鎮(zhèn)組四段(T1yn4)及關(guān)嶺組三段(T1g3)地層具備相對較高的生烴潛力,巖性均以白云巖或灰質(zhì)白云巖為主,有機質(zhì)母源以海相低等生物為主,存在陸源碎屑輸入,大部分形成于還原性環(huán)境。其次為關(guān)嶺組二段(T2g2)地層,巖性以灰?guī)r為主,有機質(zhì)母源主要受海相藻類輸入,偶見陸源碎屑輸入,形成于還原性環(huán)境。永寧鎮(zhèn)組三段(T1yn3)、關(guān)嶺組一段(T2g1)及法郎組(T2f)地層的生烴潛力較低。須家河(T3x)地層為陸相沉積,生石油烴潛力極小。B.“徑”——水巖烴相互作用釋烴理論水巖中有機質(zhì)同源。有機質(zhì)進入地下水的可能途徑包括溶蝕釋烴及抽提釋烴。根據(jù)研究區(qū)各地層生烴潛力差異及水文地質(zhì)條件特征,針對不同含水層、深度及補徑排區(qū)進行地下水質(zhì)監(jiān)測,分析地下水中元素組分、氫氧同位素、鍶同位素、次生有機物及對比水巖中生物標志物特征。結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)內(nèi)地下水礦物元素改造基本來自背景地層,存在較強的水巖相互作用。巖石及地下水中正構(gòu)烷烴在重碳區(qū)分布規(guī)律極為相似,指示有機質(zhì)同源,而輕飽和烴難以在地下水中檢出,主要由其理化性質(zhì)決定,飽和烴碳數(shù)越小,越不易進入淺層地下水環(huán)境。C.“排”——生烴潛力層釋烴能力及主驅(qū)動力巖層溶蝕程度是釋烴作用的主要驅(qū)動力,抽提釋烴在溶蝕釋烴基礎(chǔ)上進行,對釋烴有一定的促進作用。野外溶蝕試驗及室內(nèi)物理模型結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)地層釋烴量與溶蝕量呈正比,且永寧鎮(zhèn)組四段(T1yn4)地層呈現(xiàn)“陡變”規(guī)律,指示其為有機質(zhì)“儲層”,而關(guān)嶺組三段(T2g3)地層呈現(xiàn)“緩變”規(guī)律,指示其為有機質(zhì)“生油層”。雖然抽提釋烴模型中,釋烴量遠高于溶蝕釋烴模型,但在天然環(huán)境中,地下水中有機質(zhì)濃度低,抽提釋烴作用微弱。在假設(shè)條件:(1)以地下水系統(tǒng)為單位;(2)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)富水性均一;(3)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)不存在大型集中式管道;(4)地下水中礦物元素來源于背景地層;(5)不考慮地下水流動對總石油類濃度稀釋富集作用;(6)巖層釋烴全部進入地下水中,且在地下水中均勻分布的情景中,估算大龍井-以沖溝巖溶地下水系統(tǒng)總石油類濃度。結(jié)果顯示,基于地下水中礦物組成估算淺層地下水中總石油類濃度約為0.05~0.50mg/L,接近野外實測值。基于野外溶蝕試驗數(shù)據(jù)估算淺層地下水中總石油類濃度約為4.60mg/L大于實測最大值,此方法僅適用于巖石溶解受裂隙溶解控制,且溶蝕試驗切塊的裂隙發(fā)育具有代表性時,具有一定可靠性。D.“應(yīng)用”——金沙小區(qū)三疊系含水層原生高烴地下水預(yù)評價金沙小區(qū)主要出露三疊系地層,總出露面積占36.92%,主要生烴潛力層為永寧鎮(zhèn)組四段(T1yn4)及關(guān)嶺組三段(T2g3)。在假設(shè)條件:(1)以地下水系統(tǒng)作為一個單元;(2)排泄區(qū)地下水中鈣鎂離子全部來源于水巖交換作用;(3)僅考慮水巖交換程度同水巖接觸時間有關(guān);(4)不存在集中式徑流管道;(5)當?shù)叵滤锌偸皖悵舛冗_到0.04mg/L時,認為系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可能出現(xiàn)淺層原生高烴地下水現(xiàn)象的前提下,結(jié)合金沙小區(qū)地形坡度及地貌特征,對其三疊系含水層進行原生高烴地下水戰(zhàn)略評價,認為淺層原生高烴地下水可能在小區(qū)南部,中部,西北及東北部,特別在地形坡度較緩的灰?guī)r分布區(qū)和巖層較為破碎的白云巖分布區(qū),當水中Ca2+、Mg2+濃度分別達9.15mg/L和5.45mg/L時,有可能出現(xiàn)原生高烴地下水現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:High hydrocarbon groundwater refers to the groundwater in the groundwater with total oil concentration exceeding 0.05mg/L (surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002) III water quality standard). It is divided into secondary and primary high hydrocarbon groundwater according to the cause of origin. Different from secondary high hydrocarbon groundwater, the primary high hydrocarbon groundwater is formed in the sky environment and will greatly reduce the groundwater acceptance. The ability of organic hydrocarbons and triggering a series of environmental problems. During the monitoring of the water quality of the shallow aquifers of the Triassic in northern Zhijin, Guizhou, during the last five years, most of the petroleum concentration in the groundwater, which was used as a source of drinking water, was more than 0.05mg/L for a long time, and the trace secondary organisms could not form a long-range high hydrocarbon underground. Water phenomenon indicates the existence of primary shallow high hydrocarbon groundwater. In this paper, two aspects are mainly carried out by the combination of indoor and outdoor experiments: 1, the exploration of hydrocarbon generating potential of the Triassic strata in Guizhou; 2, the migration and transformation of organic matter in the shallow groundwater environment. The specific content and results are mainly reflected in the following four A. "supplement" - the source of the Triassic shallow primary high hydrocarbon groundwater, the Triassic strata of the Triassic have a certain degree of hydrocarbon release. Through the sedimentary environment, paleontology, chemical composition, hydrocarbon potential and biomarker characteristics of the strata of the upper Triassic Yongning group (T1yn) in the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T3x), the characteristics of the hydrocarbon generation potential and biomarkers are analyzed. The sedimentary process of the Triassic System in the present area is characterized by the gradual transformation of marine facies to the continental facies, and there are many marine and regressive cycles. There are different hydrocarbon potential in different periods. The four section of Yongning Town Group (T1yn4) and the three section of Guanling formation (T1g3) have relatively high hydrocarbon generating potential, and the lithology is dominated by dolomite or gray dolomite. The parent source is mainly marine lower organisms, and most of them are detrital input, most of which are formed in reductive environment. The second is the two section of Guanling formation (T2g2), and the lithology is mainly limestone, and the organic parent source is mainly imported by marine algae. It is found in the reductive environment. The three segment of Yongning Town Group (T1yn3), and the first section (T2g1) of the Yongning group (T2g1) and The hydrocarbon generation potential of the formation of the franc group (T2f) is low. The Xujiahe (T3x) stratum is continental deposit, and the potential of the petroleum hydrocarbon potential is minimal.B. "diameter" - the organic matter of organic matter in the water rock release theory of water rock hydrocarbon interaction. The possible ways for the organic matter to enter the groundwater include dissolution and extraction and extraction of hydrocarbon. According to the difference of hydrocarbon potential potential differences and water in the area of the study area According to the characteristics of geological conditions, the groundwater quality monitoring is carried out in different aquifers, depth and filling area. The elements of elements, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes, secondary organic matter and the characteristics of biomarkers in water rocks are analyzed. The results show that the transformation of underground water minerals in the study area is basically from the background strata and has strong water. The distribution of n-alkanes in rock and groundwater is very similar in the heavy carbon region, indicating that the organic matter is homologous, and the light saturated hydrocarbons are difficult to detect in the groundwater. It is mainly determined by its physicochemical properties. The smaller the number of saturated hydrocarbons, the more difficult it is to enter the.C. "row" of the shallow groundwater environment, the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the hydrocarbon potential potential layer and the main driving force. The degree of dissolution of the rock layer is the main driving force of hydrocarbon release. The extraction and release of hydrocarbon on the basis of dissolution and hydrocarbon release has a certain promotion effect on hydrocarbon release. In the field, the results of field dissolution test and indoor physical model found that the amount of hydrocarbon release is proportional to the amount of dissolution, and the four section of Yongning group (T1yn4) shows a "steep change" rule, indicating that it is organic. The three section (T2g3) of the Guanling formation shows a "slow change" rule, indicating that it is an organic "raw oil layer". Although in the extraction of hydrocarbon model, the amount of hydrocarbon release is much higher than that of the dissolved hydrocarbon model, but in the natural environment, the concentration of organic matter in the groundwater is low and the extraction and release of hydrocarbons is weak. (1) the groundwater system is the unit; 2) the water rich uniformity within the system; (3) there is no large centralized pipeline in the system; (4) the mineral elements in the groundwater are derived from the background strata; (5) no consideration is given to the concentration and enrichment of the total oil concentration by the groundwater flow; (6) the rock hydrocarbon release into the groundwater is all into the groundwater, and the great Longjing - gully rock is estimated in the situation of the uniform distribution of the groundwater. The results show that the total petroleum concentration in shallow groundwater based on the mineral composition of underground water is estimated to be about 0.05~0.50mg/L, close to the field measured values. Based on the field test data, the total petroleum concentration in shallow groundwater is estimated to be about 4.60mg/L greater than the measured maximum, and this method is only suitable for rock. When dissolution is controlled by fissure dissolution and the fracture development of the dissolution test block is representative, it has a certain reliability.D. "application" - the pre evaluation of the primary high hydrocarbon groundwater in the Triassic aquifer of Jinsha district is mainly exposed to the Triassic strata, the total exposed area is 36.92%, the main hydrocarbon potential layer is the four segment of Yongning Town Group (T1yn4). And the three section of the Guanling formation (T2g3). In the assumption condition: (1) the groundwater system is used as a unit; (2) the calcium and magnesium ions in the groundwater in the drainage area are all derived from the water rock exchange; (3) only the water and rock exchange degree is related to the contact time of the water rock; (4) there is no centralized runoff pipeline; (5) when the concentration of the total oil in the groundwater reaches 0.04mg/L, Considering the possibility of shallow primary high hydrocarbon groundwater in the system, combining the terrain slope and geomorphic characteristics of the Jinsha residential area, the strategic evaluation of the primary high hydrocarbon groundwater in the Triassic aquifers is carried out. It is considered that the shallow primary high hydrocarbon groundwater may be in the south, middle, northwest and northeastern part of the residential area, especially in the gentle slope of the terrain. The distribution area of rock distribution and rock strata is relatively broken dolomite. When the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water reaches 9.15mg/L and 5.45mg/L, it is possible to appear the phenomenon of primary high hydrocarbon groundwater.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641

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