本文選題：船舶 + 鐵礦石�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年來,鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)已成長為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。鐵礦石作為鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的主要原料,保障其充分供給,直接關(guān)系到鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前,我國國內(nèi)的鐵礦石無論是在品位還是在開采量上,都難以滿足需要,不得不從國外大量進(jìn)口。在巴西、澳大利亞、印度及南非等幾個鐵礦石進(jìn)口國之中,雖然巴西鐵礦石質(zhì)量最優(yōu),但因運(yùn)距過長,運(yùn)輸成本增加,所以受到很大限制。為克服這些不利因素,巴西談水河谷在2011年研發(fā)了40萬噸超大型礦石運(yùn)輸船,并于2014年與中遠(yuǎn)集團(tuán)簽署鐵礦石船運(yùn)戰(zhàn)略合作框架協(xié)議,標(biāo)志著新的超大型礦石船即將全面進(jìn)入航運(yùn)市場,對世界尤其是我國的鐵礦石運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)將會帶來巨大影響。綜合考慮我國對鐵礦石需求、船舶運(yùn)行成本以及港口條件等因素,根據(jù)具體情況調(diào)整我國進(jìn)口鐵礦石的運(yùn)輸方式,無疑具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文在礦石船舶大型化以及40萬噸礦石船即將駛?cè)胛覈劭诘谋尘跋?從國際鐵礦石貿(mào)易、鐵礦石進(jìn)出口國情況,我國鐵礦石貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀及趨勢,貿(mào)易和主要航線情況等各方面綜合研究我國進(jìn)口鐵礦石的運(yùn)輸格局。通過分析鐵礦石運(yùn)輸市場的供需關(guān)系,從運(yùn)力市場、各船型的運(yùn)力情況以及鐵礦石運(yùn)輸船型發(fā)展趨勢三個方面分析我國進(jìn)口鐵礦石運(yùn)輸船隊的運(yùn)力變化,并著重對我國進(jìn)口鐵礦石的主要船型進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析。分析表明,巴西進(jìn)口至我國鐵礦石的份額平均以每年0.41%的速度在減少,2015年降至21.30%。但如果40萬噸船舶投入運(yùn)營,巴西進(jìn)口礦的份額將會止跌上揚(yáng)。本文結(jié)合我國港口的設(shè)施能力及鋼廠分布,建立了基于40萬噸礦石船的中轉(zhuǎn)及減載運(yùn)輸模型,對我國進(jìn)口鐵礦石的運(yùn)輸模式及路徑進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。研究表明,隨著40萬噸船舶投入運(yùn)營,出于對降低成本的需求,我國巴西進(jìn)口礦的比例以及運(yùn)輸模式將會發(fā)生改變,能夠接卸大型礦石船的港口會獲得更多的貨源。通過計算分析還發(fā)現(xiàn)：盡管中轉(zhuǎn)和減載將會成為新的鐵礦石運(yùn)輸模式,但多次裝卸造成的額外成本,將導(dǎo)致大型礦石船的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)不能得到有效的體現(xiàn),因此,最終直接受益的主要是擁有同等級卸船泊位的港口以及附近的鋼廠。本文的研究結(jié)果可為政府部門、鋼鐵行業(yè)以及港口在制定應(yīng)對政策、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和優(yōu)化運(yùn)輸組織等提供參考。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the iron and steel industry has grown into a pillar industry in China's economy. As the main raw material of the iron and steel industry, iron ore has a direct bearing on the development of the iron and steel industry. At present, iron ore in China is difficult to meet the needs of domestic iron ore, either in grade or in the amount of mining, and has to be imported from abroad. Brazil, Australia, India and South Africa are among the most important iron ore importers, although Brazil's iron ore is of the best quality, but it is greatly restricted because of the long distance and increase in transportation costs. In order to overcome these disadvantages, Brazil talked about the development of 400 thousand tons of super large ore transport ship in 2011, and signed with COSCO in 2014. The strategic cooperation framework agreement between iron ore and stone ship signifies that the new super large ore ships are going to enter the shipping market in an all-round way, and will bring great influence on the world, especially our country's iron ore transportation network. There is no doubt that the mode of transportation of ore is of great practical significance. In this paper, the import and export of ore ships and 400 thousand tons of ore ships are coming into China's port, from the international iron ore trade, the state of the import and export of iron ore, the current situation and trend of China's iron ore trade, the trade and the main routes and other aspects of our country's import. By analyzing the supply and demand relationship of iron ore transportation market, this paper analyzes the transport capacity changes of China's imported iron ore transport fleet from three aspects of the transport market, the transport capacity of each type of ship and the development trend of the iron ore transport ship, and emphasizes the analysis of the economic benefits of the main types of imported iron ore in China. It shows that the share of Brazil's iron ore imports to China is decreasing at an average rate of 0.41% per year, to 21.30%. in 2015, but if 400 thousand tons of ships are put into operation, the share of Brazil's imports will fall up. This article, based on the facilities capacity of the port and the distribution of the steel plant, establishes a transfer and load reduction model based on 400 thousand tons of ore vessels. The transport mode and path of the imported iron ore in China are optimized. The study shows that, with the 400 thousand ton ship put into operation, the proportion of the imported ore in Brazil and the transportation mode will change in order to reduce the cost, and the port will be able to get more sources. Although transfer and load reduction will become a new type of iron ore transport model, the additional cost caused by multiple loading and unloading will result in the scale economy of large ore vessels which can not be effectively reflected. Therefore, the main benefit is the port with the same level of ship unloading berth and the nearby steel plant. The results of this paper can be the government. Departments, steel industry and ports provide reference for formulating policies, developing strategies and optimizing transport organization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426.1;F752.61

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本文編號：1988286