本文選題：流動(dòng) + 臺(tái)陣��； 參考：《中國(guó)地震局地球物理研究所》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震震相到時(shí)信息是地震學(xué)研究的重要基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),廣泛應(yīng)用于地震定位、走時(shí)層析成像和地震預(yù)警等多個(gè)不同研究領(lǐng)域。隨著固定地震臺(tái)網(wǎng)臺(tái)站密度的增加及流動(dòng)地震臺(tái)陣觀測(cè)的廣泛應(yīng)用,傳統(tǒng)的依靠人工分析拾取震相的工作量變得十分巨大,也無(wú)法滿足現(xiàn)代社會(huì)對(duì)地震信息不斷增長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)性要求,發(fā)展高效可靠、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)的地震震相自動(dòng)拾取和地震自動(dòng)檢測(cè)技術(shù),成為地震學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的重要發(fā)展方向之一。本文以西昌流動(dòng)地震臺(tái)陣觀測(cè)資料為基礎(chǔ),針對(duì)觀測(cè)記錄中噪聲干擾較強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),開展了地震事件自動(dòng)檢測(cè)和震相自動(dòng)拾取方法研究:1、歸納總結(jié)了常用的震相拾取方法,對(duì)長(zhǎng)短時(shí)(STA/LTA)、赤池信息準(zhǔn)則(AIC)、偏振分析、奇異值分解(SVD)、小波分析和人工神經(jīng)元等方法進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)分析,分析了這些方法的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和研究現(xiàn)狀。2、提出了采用STA/LTA和VAR-AIC相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行震相到時(shí)初步拾取,利用Delaunay三角剖分與臺(tái)間距走時(shí)差約束剔除噪聲干擾的方法,較好地抑制了噪聲干擾的影響,提高地震檢測(cè)效果。3、開展了STA/LTA方法、VAR-AIC方法和偏振方法拾取震相到時(shí)的對(duì)比研究,設(shè)計(jì)了一種根據(jù)STA/LTA方法和VAR-AIC方法拾取的震相到時(shí)差判定信號(hào)強(qiáng)弱,進(jìn)而自動(dòng)選擇VAR-AIC方法或偏振方法拾取到時(shí)的方法。與單一使用VAR-AIC方法或偏振方法相比,新方法具有更高的整體震相拾取精度。4、為了提高震相的拾取率,設(shè)計(jì)了基于地震檢測(cè)結(jié)果的震相拾取方法。該方法包含四部分:(1)利用信噪比較高的震相到時(shí)進(jìn)行地震定位獲得地震的震源位置;(2)根據(jù)震源位置,計(jì)算所有臺(tái)站的預(yù)測(cè)到時(shí);(3)通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)特定的震相判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在各臺(tái)站預(yù)測(cè)到時(shí)附近設(shè)定時(shí)間窗進(jìn)一步確定是否存在震相;(4)若存在震相,則采用STA/LTA方法、VAR-AIC方法和偏振分析方法綜合拾取震相到時(shí)。5、根據(jù)上述方法,在Matlab環(huán)境下開發(fā)了一套地震檢測(cè)和震相識(shí)別軟件,對(duì)西昌流動(dòng)地震臺(tái)陣2013年304個(gè)事件波形數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析處理和檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:(1)與單純的Delaunay三角剖分約束相比,本文提出的地震檢測(cè)方法具有更強(qiáng)的地震檢測(cè)能力;(2)新的震相拾取方法不僅可以檢測(cè)到信噪比較高的人工遺漏震相,而且可以檢測(cè)到一些人工拾取過(guò)程中容易忽略的低信噪比震相。
[Abstract]:Seismic phase arrival information is an important basic data in seismology. It is widely used in many different research fields such as seismic location, travel time tomography and earthquake warning. With the increase of the density of fixed seismic network stations and the wide application of mobile seismic array observation, the workload of traditional manual analysis to pick up seismic phases becomes very large. It is also unable to meet the real-time requirements of increasing seismic information in modern society. It has become one of the important development directions in the field of seismology to develop automatic seismic phase pickup and seismic automatic detection technology with high efficiency and reliability and strong anti-interference ability. Based on the observation data of Xichang mobile seismic array, aiming at the strong noise disturbance in the observation records, this paper has carried out the research on automatic detection of seismic events and automatic picking up of seismic phases, and summarized the commonly used seismic phase pick-up methods. The methods such as STAP / LTA, red cell information criterion (AIC), polarization analysis, singular value decomposition (SVD), wavelet analysis and artificial neuron are analyzed in detail. In this paper, the main advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the present research situation are analyzed, and a method of phase arrival preliminary pick-up using the combination of STA-LTA and VAR-AIC is put forward, and the method of eliminating noise interference by Delaunay triangulation and time-difference constraint of station spacing is proposed. The effect of noise interference is well suppressed, and the seismic detection effect is improved. A comparative study is carried out on the phase arrival time of the phase pickup by the STAP / LTA method and the polarization method. A method is designed to determine the signal strength according to the phase to time difference picked up by the STA-LTA method and the VAR-AIC method, and then to automatically select the VAR-AIC method or polarization method to pick up the arrival time. Compared with the single VAR-AIC method or polarization method, the new method has higher precision of phase pickup. In order to improve the picking rate of seismic phase, a phase pickup method based on seismic detection results is designed. The method consists of four parts: 1) the focal location of the earthquake is obtained by using the phase arrival time with a high SNR) according to the source location, the prediction time of all the stations is calculated. Setting a time window near the prediction time at each station to further determine whether there is a phase or not, if there is a phase, then the phase time. 5 is comprehensively picked up by using the STAP / LTA method / VAR-AIC method and the polarization analysis method. According to the above method, A set of software for seismic detection and phase identification is developed in Matlab. The data of 304 event waveforms of Xichang mobile seismic array in 2013 are analyzed and verified. The results show that: 1) compared with the simple Delaunay triangulation constraint, The seismic detection method presented in this paper has a stronger seismic detection ability. The new phase pickup method can not only detect the artificially missing phases with high SNR. Moreover, some low SNR phases which are easy to be ignored during manual pickup can be detected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地球物理研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P315.7

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