本文選題：地塹 + 向斜　； 參考：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：陷落柱是華北煤田一種常見的地質災害體，，其存在不僅破壞了煤層連續(xù)性，還易造成煤礦冒頂、瓦斯突出、突水等事故，嚴重威脅礦井高效安全生產。因此，在煤礦設計和生產過程中，識別和圈定陷落柱的位置非常重要。 眾多探測陷落柱的方法中，地震勘探是目前探測陷落柱比較有效的方法，但是其對陷落柱的勘探精度尚不能達到煤礦地質任務的要求，究其原因主要是陷落柱地震解釋上存在一些問題。因為在煤礦開采過程中小地塹、小向斜、采空區(qū)與陷落柱的地震波場具有一定的相似性，往往造成誤解釋，無法準確識別，所以研究影響陷落柱地震解釋的波場現象十分必要，將影響陷落柱地震解釋的波場現象研究清楚后，可以提高陷落柱地震解釋精度，能更好的服務煤礦。 本文首先總結了地塹、向斜、采空區(qū)及陷落柱的地質特征，然后闡述了地震勘探原理并通過舉例重點介紹反射波地震勘探法，接著從原理上分析地震探測地塹、向斜、采空區(qū)與陷落柱的可行性，并介紹了四種地質現象在地震時間剖面上的特征及產生的特殊波，最后介紹地震勘探分辨率概念。在此基礎上，建立四種地質現象相關的地震地質模型，利用Tesseral-2D正演模擬軟件對不同尺寸的地塹、向斜、采空區(qū)與陷落柱用彈性波方程進行正演模擬，對比分析它們的水平疊加剖面和偏移剖面，并與實際地震資料結合對比。結果表明，在本文已定的模型及參數條件下，總結出了四種地質現象地震波場的異同及它們橫向分辨能力的高低。論文所取得的成果符合原理和實際，因此在地震資料解釋中，具有一定的指導和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Collapse pillar is a common geological hazard body in North China coalfield. Its existence not only destroys the continuity of coal seam, but also easily causes accidents such as coal mine roof fall, gas outburst, water inrush and so on, which seriously threatens the high efficiency and safety of mine production. Therefore, in the process of coal mine design and production, it is very important to identify and delineate the position of collapse pillar. Among the many methods of detecting collapse columns, seismic exploration is an effective method to detect subsidence columns at present, but the exploration accuracy of subsidence columns can not meet the requirements of geological tasks in coal mines. The main reason is that there are some problems in seismic interpretation of collapsing columns. Because the seismic wave fields of small graben, small syncline, goaf and collapse column are similar in the process of coal mining, they often cause misinterpretation and can not be accurately identified, so it is necessary to study the wave field phenomenon that affects the seismic interpretation of collapse column. After the study of wave field phenomenon affecting seismic interpretation of collapse column is made clear, the precision of seismic interpretation of collapse column can be improved and the coal mine can be better served. In this paper, the geological characteristics of graben, syncline, goaf and collapse column are summarized, then the principle of seismic exploration is expounded and the seismic exploration method of reflection wave is introduced with examples. Then, the principle of seismic detection of graben and syncline is analyzed. This paper introduces the feasibility of goaf and collapse column, and introduces the characteristics of four geological phenomena in seismic time profile and the special waves produced. Finally, the concept of seismic exploration resolution is introduced. On this basis, four seismic geological models related to geological phenomena are established, and the forward modeling of graben, syncline, goaf and collapse column with Tesseral-2D forward simulation software is carried out by elastic wave equation. Their horizontal stack profiles and migration profiles are compared and compared with the actual seismic data. The results show that the similarities and differences of the seismic wave fields of four geological phenomena and their lateral resolution are summarized under the conditions of the models and parameters established in this paper. The results obtained in this paper are in accordance with the principle and practice, so it has some guiding and referential significance in seismic data interpretation.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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本文編號：1979848