本文選題：地下水硬度 + 水文地球化學(xué)作用��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水的硬度反映了水中多價(jià)金屬離子含量的總和,地下水硬度過(guò)高對(duì)人體的健康、生活和工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生很多不利影響。本文對(duì)硬度調(diào)研區(qū)域(11個(gè)省市)的1000個(gè)樣本點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了合理的分配,以石家莊滹沱河典型地區(qū)為對(duì)象,研究了其硬度分布特征,并且運(yùn)用離子比例系數(shù)法、水化學(xué)圖解法、飽和指數(shù)法和多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析法研究了高硬度的成因,得出主要結(jié)論如下:變異系數(shù)付權(quán)重法考慮了各個(gè)省市的人口密度、地下水利用程度的不同,得出的樣本點(diǎn)分配方案比較符合各省的實(shí)際情況。石家莊滹沱河淺層地下水沿著水流方向其水化學(xué)類型的變化趨勢(shì)為HCO_3-Ca-Mg→HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg→HCO_3-Cl-SO_4-Ca-Na-Mg,地下水硬度由I、II、III類到IV類再到V類,其SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-的毫克當(dāng)量濃度百分比增大。研究區(qū)地下水總硬度超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重,超標(biāo)率為85.2%,地下水總硬度與pH和井深在0.01水平上呈顯著性負(fù)相關(guān),與TDS和NO_3~-在0.01水平上呈顯著性正相關(guān)。導(dǎo)致地下水硬度升高的原因主要有水巖作用、陽(yáng)離子交換反應(yīng)和人類活動(dòng)的影響。地下水中存在方解石、白云巖、含鎂的硅酸鹽的全等溶解以及白云巖的不全等溶解和脫白云作用,這些礦物的溶解與沉淀作用都會(huì)影響地下水中鈣鎂的含量。生活污水中的有機(jī)物在微生物作用下會(huì)產(chǎn)生CO_2,地下水中CO_2分壓升高導(dǎo)致的礦物酸性溶濾作用增強(qiáng)主要影響的是暫時(shí)硬度的升高,而陽(yáng)離子交換反應(yīng)則主要使永久硬度升高。此外,人類過(guò)量開(kāi)采地下水導(dǎo)致的水位下降也會(huì)使地下水硬度增大。聚類分析將地下水分成了I、II、III三種類型,由I類到III類水,SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-以及Na+K毫克當(dāng)量百分?jǐn)?shù)在逐漸增大,受人類活動(dòng)的影響顯著。因子分析表明,影響地下水化學(xué)組分尤其是總硬度的三個(gè)主要因素是:(1)由工業(yè)和生活污染引起的鈣鎂碳酸鹽及硅酸鹽的溶濾作用和陽(yáng)離子交換反應(yīng);(2)農(nóng)業(yè)上的污染和(3)地下水的氧化還原環(huán)境,其貢獻(xiàn)率分別為56.3%、17.4%和12.5%。
[Abstract]:The hardness of water reflects the sum of polyvalent metal ions in water. The high hardness of groundwater has a lot of adverse effects on human health, life and the development of industry and agriculture. In this paper, 1000 sample points in the hardness investigation area (11 provinces and cities) have been reasonably allocated. The distribution characteristics of hardness in the typical area of Shijiazhuang Hutuo River have been studied, and the ion ratio coefficient method and the hydrochemical graphic method have been used. Saturation index method and multivariate statistical analysis method are used to study the causes of high hardness. The main conclusions are as follows: the population density of each province and city is taken into account by the method of coefficient of variation and the degree of groundwater utilization is different. The sample point distribution scheme obtained is more in line with the actual situation of each province. The variation trend of the hydrochemical types of shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang Hutuo River is HCO_3-Ca-Mg HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg HCO3-Cl-SO4-Ca-Na-Mg.The hardness of groundwater increases from class III to class IV to class V, and the percentage of equivalent concentrations of so _ 4 and Cl- increases. In the study area, the total hardness of groundwater exceeded the standard seriously, the surpassing rate was 85.2. The total hardness of groundwater was negatively correlated with pH and well depth at 0.01 level, and positively correlated with TDS and NO3- at 0.01 level. The main reasons for the increase of groundwater hardness are water rock interaction, cation exchange reaction and human activities. There are calcite, dolomite, magnesium-bearing silicate dissolution in groundwater, and incomplete dissolution and dedolomitization of dolomite. The dissolution and precipitation of these minerals will affect the content of calcium and magnesium in groundwater. The organic matter in domestic sewage can produce CO _ 2 under the action of microorganism. The increase of CO_2 partial pressure in groundwater mainly affects the increase of temporary hardness, while the cationic exchange reaction mainly increases the permanent hardness. In addition, the reduction of water level caused by human overexploitation also increases the hardness of groundwater. Cluster analysis divides the groundwater into three types, I. e. II. III, from class I to class III. The percentage of CLC- and Nak mg equivalent increases gradually, and is significantly affected by human activities. Factor analysis shows that The three main factors affecting the chemical composition of groundwater, especially the total hardness, are: 1) dissolved filtration of calcium, magnesium carbonate and silicate and cation exchange reaction caused by industrial and domestic pollution, 2) agricultural pollution and 3) redox environment of groundwater. Its contribution rate was 56.3% and 12.5%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.6

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本文編號(hào)：1968555