本文選題：滲流理論 + 滲流—管流耦合模型��； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：陜北地區(qū)尤其是黃土丘陵區(qū)水資源總體上比較匱乏,開發(fā)難度大,隨著陜北能源化工基地建設(shè)的加快,供不應(yīng)求的水資源將制約陜北能源化工基地發(fā)展。因此,加快推進陜北能源化工基地建設(shè),必須科學(xué)地開發(fā)水資源以此保障其可持續(xù)發(fā)展,沿黃河滲流井取水方式是近期解決水資源短缺問題的有效方式之一。馬鎮(zhèn)滲流井位于神木縣東部黃河沿岸,含水層以第四系沖洪積層孔隙潛水含水層以及三疊系碎屑巖類裂隙水含水層為主,透水性較好,地下水補給條件好,具有很好的供水意義。本文以滲流理論為指導(dǎo),對滲流井取水條件下周邊三維滲流場特征及變化規(guī)律進行現(xiàn)場試驗研究,并采用數(shù)值模擬方法對抽水試驗結(jié)果進行仿真模擬,建立可靠的基于“滲流-管流耦合模型”滲流井取水計算模型,用于探索滲流井建立在不同含水層巖性中取水的優(yōu)化設(shè)計方案,為提高滲流井取水效率提供指導(dǎo)。通過滲流井周圍設(shè)置的分層觀測孔資料,分析了階梯狀穩(wěn)定流抽水試驗過程中地下水三維滲流場特征:在抽水過程中第四系地層中的地下水位的變化明顯隨著黃河水位的波動而變化,在時間上表現(xiàn)略有滯后,說明了河水對地下水有強烈的補給作用;滲流井抽水時,各含水層之間存在水頭差,并且隨著開采量的增加水頭差也在增加,表明無論在未來開采或者天然狀況下,黃河河水補給地下水都是以三維流的運動方式進行的;滲流井開采地下水時,對黃河對岸的地下水影響甚微。通過對研究區(qū)地質(zhì)條件、氣象條件以及水文地質(zhì)條件等的理解認識上,采用地質(zhì)雷達和鉆孔揭露地層建立三維地層結(jié)構(gòu)模型模型,同時以“滲流—管流耦合模型”理論為基礎(chǔ),建立滲流井取水工程三維水文地質(zhì)數(shù)值模型。使用現(xiàn)場抽水試驗資料進行模型識別,對三個落程滲流井出水量進行擬合,反求出水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計優(yōu)化方案:不同輻射孔仰角方案、相同布設(shè)段長度不硐室間距方案、不同輻射孔個數(shù)方案。通過計算對比,在考慮施工難度和成本的前提下,在輻射孔伸入第四系長度相等的情況下,輻射孔角度在20°-30°之間取水效果較好;硐室間距在70m-100m之間滲流井取水效果較好;增加輻射孔個數(shù)可以增加滲流井出水量,但是輻射孔個數(shù)增加到一定程度,滲流井取水量增加的效果不是很理想,反而會增加施工的難度和成本。通過水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)不穩(wěn)定性分析以及不同河流滲透能力滲流井出水量方案的對比結(jié)果,在滲流井設(shè)計時,要加強前期的水文地質(zhì)勘察,盡可能準確的獲取研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)參數(shù),提高滲流井的出水效率。
[Abstract]:Water resources in northern Shaanxi, especially in loess hilly areas, are relatively scarce in general and difficult to develop. With the acceleration of the construction of energy and chemical industry base in northern Shaanxi, the shortage of water resources will restrict the development of energy and chemical industry base in northern Shaanxi. Therefore, in order to speed up the construction of energy and chemical industry base in Northern Shaanxi, it is necessary to develop water resources scientifically to ensure its sustainable development. The way of taking water from percolating wells along the Yellow River is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of water resources shortage in the near future. Mazhen percolation well is located along the Yellow River in the eastern part of Shenmu County. The aquifer is mainly composed of phreatic aquifer of Quaternary flood accumulation layer and fissure water aquifer of clastic rock of Triassic system, which has good permeability and good recharge condition of groundwater. Have very good water supply meaning. Under the guidance of seepage theory, the characteristics and variation of three dimensional seepage field around the percolation well are studied in this paper, and the results of pumping test are simulated by numerical simulation method. A reliable seepage well water intake calculation model based on "coupled seepage and pipe flow model" is established, which can be used to explore the optimal design scheme of water intake in different aquifer lithology, and to provide guidance for improving the water intake efficiency of percolation well. Through the stratified observation hole data around the percolation well, The characteristics of three dimensional seepage field of groundwater during the pumping test of stepped steady flow are analyzed. The variation of groundwater level in Quaternary strata obviously changes with the fluctuation of the water level of the Yellow River during the pumping process, and shows a slight lag in time. It is shown that the river has a strong recharge effect on the groundwater, and when the percolation well is pumped, there is a water head difference between the aquifers, and the water head difference also increases with the increase of the mining capacity, indicating that no matter in the future exploitation or in the natural condition, The recharge of groundwater in the Yellow River is carried out by the movement of three-dimensional flow, and the groundwater on the other side of the Yellow River has little effect when the seepage wells are used to exploit the groundwater. Based on the understanding of geological conditions, meteorological conditions and hydrogeological conditions in the study area, a three-dimensional stratigraphic structure model is established by using geological radar and borehole disclosing strata, and based on the theory of "seepage and pipe flow coupling model". A three-dimensional hydrogeological numerical model of seepage well water intake project is established. The model identification is carried out by using field pumping test data, and the hydrogeological parameters are obtained by fitting the water output of three falling percolation wells. On this basis, the optimization scheme is designed: different elevation angle scheme of radiation hole, no chamber spacing scheme of the same length of layout section, and different number of radiation holes scheme. Through calculation and comparison, under the premise of considering the difficulty and cost of construction, when the length of the radiation hole is equal to that of the Quaternary system, the water intake effect of the radiation hole angle is better between 20 擄-30 擄, and the water intake effect of the percolation well between the 70m-100m and the chamber spacing is better. Increasing the number of radiation holes can increase the water output of percolation wells, but increasing the number of radiation holes to a certain extent, the effect of increasing the water intake of percolation wells is not very ideal, on the contrary, it will increase the difficulty and cost of construction. Based on the analysis of the instability of hydrogeological parameters and the comparative results of water output schemes of seepage wells with different permeable capacity of different rivers, the preliminary hydrogeological investigation should be strengthened in the design of percolation wells. The hydrogeological parameters in the study area are obtained as accurately as possible to improve the effluents efficiency of percolation wells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.8;TU991.12

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