發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-01 16:51

  本文選題：中寧平原 + 包氣帶　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：包氣帶是地下水與大氣圈、地表水圈聯(lián)系的必要途徑,它既是自然界中水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)有機(jī)組成部分,也是大氣-作物-土壤-地下水的物質(zhì)能量傳輸系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),研究包氣帶水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律對(duì)闡明地下水的形成以及水循環(huán)的研究有重要意義。中寧平原是衛(wèi)寧平原的一部分,屬于沿黃經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū),是寧夏重要的糧食產(chǎn)區(qū)。受引黃灌溉影響,這里的地下水與地表水交換頻繁,水循環(huán)方式以垂向交換為主,蒸發(fā)為主要的排泄途徑,因此研究地下水的垂向補(bǔ)給和排泄規(guī)律,有利于正確評(píng)價(jià)地下水資源量,科學(xué)合理的開發(fā)和利用地下水資源。在了解了國內(nèi)外對(duì)于包氣帶水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律的研究方法及進(jìn)展以及研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究利用包氣帶原位試驗(yàn)取得的土壤負(fù)壓數(shù)據(jù)和氣象觀測數(shù)據(jù)以及室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)取得的土壤物理參數(shù),使用Hydrus-1D軟件建立了包氣帶水分運(yùn)移數(shù)值模型,并在模型的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)包氣帶水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。原位試驗(yàn)分為裸地組和植被覆蓋組,試驗(yàn)期分為2013年和2014年兩期。利用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了率定,通過均方根誤差、相對(duì)誤差、納什效率系數(shù)和決定系數(shù)四個(gè)擬合效果指標(biāo)對(duì)單個(gè)模型和整體的擬合效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),認(rèn)為擬合效果較好,模擬值和實(shí)測值隨時(shí)間變化的趨勢接近,基本上能夠反映土壤物理性質(zhì)和包氣帶水分運(yùn)移特征。利用模型分析了地表蒸發(fā)隨氣象、植被、地下水位以及土壤性質(zhì)的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為大氣蒸發(fā)能力越強(qiáng),植被需水量越高,地下水位埋深越淺,土壤的導(dǎo)水性能越好則地表蒸發(fā)作用越強(qiáng)烈。研究區(qū)的小規(guī)模降雨對(duì)地下水幾乎無補(bǔ)給作用,連續(xù)的降雨和足量的灌溉是地下水補(bǔ)給的有利條件,利用預(yù)測模型得出在干旱且地下水位埋深處在平均水平時(shí),小于50mm的降雨對(duì)于地下水補(bǔ)給來說為無效降雨量。
[Abstract]:Aeration zone is a necessary way to connect groundwater with atmosphere and surface hydrosphere. It is not only an organic part of water circulation system in nature, but also an important link of material and energy transfer system between atmosphere, crop, soil and groundwater. It is of great significance to study the law of water migration in aeration zone in order to clarify the formation of groundwater and the study of water circulation. Zhongning Plain is a part of Weining Plain, which belongs to the economic zone along the Yellow River and is an important grain producing area in Ningxia. Affected by the irrigation of the Yellow River, the groundwater and surface water are exchanged frequently, the water circulation mode is mainly vertical exchange and evaporation is the main discharge way. Therefore, the vertical recharge and discharge law of groundwater are studied. It is propitious to evaluate the quantity of groundwater resources correctly and to develop and utilize groundwater resources scientifically and rationally. On the basis of understanding the research methods and progress of water migration in aeration zone at home and abroad as well as the hydrogeological conditions in the study area, Based on the soil negative pressure data and meteorological observation data obtained from in-situ test of aeration zone and the soil physical parameters obtained from laboratory experiments, a numerical model of moisture transport in aerated zone was established by using Hydrus-1D software. On the basis of the model, the law of water migration in the aeration zone is analyzed. The in situ test was divided into bare land group and vegetation cover group, and the trial period was divided into 2013 and 2014. The experiment data were used to determine the rate of the model. The fitting effect of the single model and the whole model was evaluated by four fitting effect indexes: root mean square error, relative error, Nash efficiency coefficient and determinant coefficient, and the fitting effect was considered to be better. The variation trend of simulated and measured values with time is similar, which can basically reflect the physical properties of soil and the characteristics of moisture migration in aeration zone. The relationship of surface evaporation with meteorology, vegetation, groundwater level and soil properties is analyzed by using the model. It is considered that the stronger the capacity of atmospheric evaporation is, the higher the water demand of vegetation is, and the shallower the groundwater level is. The better the water conductivity of soil is, the stronger the evaporation is. The small rainfall in the study area has almost no recharge to the groundwater. Continuous rainfall and sufficient irrigation are the favorable conditions for groundwater recharge. The prediction model is used to get the conclusion that the groundwater level is at the average level when the groundwater level is dry, and the groundwater table depth is at the average level. Rainfall less than 50mm is ineffective for groundwater recharge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P641.2

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