發(fā)布時間：2018-05-31 11:36

  本文選題：柴達(dá)木盆地第三系 + 膏鹽巖與烴源巖　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：柴達(dá)木盆地第三系膏鹽層與烴源巖共生沉積的現(xiàn)象廣泛存在。認(rèn)識湖水咸化與有機質(zhì)的堆積的關(guān)系、認(rèn)識膏巖層與烴源巖在橫向分布與縱向接觸上的關(guān)系,對探究富烴凹陷分布具有重要的理論和實踐意義。綜合前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過系統(tǒng)的野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查及巖心觀察,應(yīng)用巖石薄片鑒定、掃描電鏡與能譜分析等手段,對柴達(dá)木盆地第三系地層、沉積等基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)、烴源巖的地化特征和膏鹽巖的巖石學(xué)特征進行了探討;結(jié)合測井資料,調(diào)查了膏鹽巖發(fā)育的井位和層位,劃分鹽韻律,認(rèn)識其沉積序列縱橫向的變化;分析了膏鹽巖與烴源巖展布規(guī)律與形成環(huán)境,初步闡述了二者賦存關(guān)系等問題。認(rèn)識到柴達(dá)木盆地野外露頭中順層與穿層產(chǎn)出的薄層石膏屬于次生鹽類礦物,對相鄰巖層沉積時的咸化環(huán)境具有指示意義。柴西下干柴溝組上段中的石鹽在測井曲線上的主要特點為大井徑(淡水泥漿中)、高聲波時差、低自然伽馬(小于泥巖的三分之一)等,石膏顯示出低自然電位、高電阻率等主要特點。發(fā)現(xiàn)膏鹽巖測井曲線上表現(xiàn)出鹽巖(A段)、膏巖與泥膏巖(B段)、砂泥巖(C段)的交互出現(xiàn)的鹽韻律,從咸化中心至外圍依次展布以ABC型、AB型、B型為主的沉積序列,逐漸過渡至BC型,最終以砂泥巖為主,且鹽巖有逐漸減薄的趨勢。下干柴溝組膏鹽巖層展布范圍主要集中在獅子溝地區(qū)。柴西各層位烴源巖(由E31至N22)逐漸變差,而整體基本屬于未成熟—成熟熱演化階段。將柴達(dá)木盆地水體咸化程度劃分為淡水至超咸水共五類,借以代表碎屑巖至膏鹽巖類,繪制柴達(dá)木盆地西部咸化程度范圍與烴源巖展布疊合圖。發(fā)現(xiàn)有效烴源巖邊界與半咸水環(huán)境邊界存在較好的相關(guān)性,但烴源巖沉積中心與咸化中心并不完全吻合。表明鹽度是烴源巖展布的主要影響因素之一,但并不能完全制約烴源巖的分布。綜合分析認(rèn)為,膏鹽巖(半咸水至超咸水環(huán)境)與烴源巖在平面的展布具有較好的疊合關(guān)系,膏鹽巖和烴源巖均分布在柴西南沉積中心處,受到凹陷的控制;膏鹽巖與烴源巖在縱向剖面上直接接觸,常常表現(xiàn)為頻繁互層;隨著咸化程度的升高,其對烴源巖質(zhì)量的影響表現(xiàn)為“先促進、后抑制”的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:The symbiotic deposition of Tertiary gypsum salt layer and source rock exists widely in Qaidam Basin. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the relationship between salinization of lake water and accumulation of organic matter, as well as the relationship between the transverse distribution and longitudinal contact of gypsum rock and source rock. On the basis of previous research results, through systematic field geological investigation and core observation, and by means of thin slice identification, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis, the basic geology of Tertiary strata and sedimentation in Qaidam Basin is studied. The geochemical characteristics of the source rocks and the petrological characteristics of the gypsum salt rocks are discussed, the well sites and horizons developed in the gypsum salt rocks are investigated in combination with the logging data, the salt rhythm is divided, and the longitudinal and horizontal variations of the sedimentary sequences are recognized. The distribution law and formation environment of gypsum salt rock and source rock are analyzed. It is recognized that the thin layer gypsum produced in the outcrop of Qaidam Basin belongs to the secondary salt minerals and is of significance to the salinization environment of adjacent strata. The main characteristics of the salt in the upper section of Xiaganchaigou formation in the west of Qaixi are large well diameter (fresh water mud, high acoustic time difference, low natural gamma (less than 1/3 of mudstone), etc., and gypsum shows low natural potential. High resistivity and other main characteristics. It is found that the salt rhythms of salt rock formation A, gypsum rock and mudstone B member B, sand mudstone member C) appear on the log curve of gypsum salt rock, and the sedimentary sequence of ABC type AB type B is distributed from the center to the periphery of salting. Gradually transition to BC type, finally mainly sand and mudstone, and salt rock has a trend of gradual thinning. The distribution of gypsum rock in Xiaganchaigou formation is mainly concentrated in Shizigou area. The source rocks (from E31 to N22) in western Qaixi gradually become worse, while the whole rocks belong to the stage of immature and mature thermal evolution. The salinization degree of water body in Qaidam Basin is divided into five categories: fresh water and super brackish water, so as to represent clastic rock to gypsum salt rock, and to draw a map of the range of salinization degree and the distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks in western Qaidam Basin. It is found that there is a good correlation between the boundary of the effective source rock and the boundary of brackish water environment, but the sedimentary center of the source rock is not completely consistent with the salinization center. The results show that salinity is one of the main factors affecting the distribution of source rock, but it can not completely restrict the distribution of source rock. The comprehensive analysis shows that the gypsum salt rock (brackish to ultra-brackish water environment) has a good superposition relation with the distribution of source rock in the plane. Both the gypsum salt rock and source rock are distributed in the center of southwestern Qaihai sedimentary area and are controlled by the depression. The direct contact between gypsum salt rock and source rock in longitudinal profile often shows frequent interlayer, and with the increase of salinization degree, the influence of gypsum salt rock on source rock quality is "promoted first, then suppressed".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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