發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-30 23:37

  本文選題：張掖盆地 + 水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：張掖盆地地處我國(guó)西北內(nèi)陸干旱地區(qū),屬黑河流域中游盆地,是我國(guó)最重要的農(nóng)業(yè)基地之一。盆地常年以干旱缺水為基本特征,地下水作為水資源的重要組成部分,支撐著區(qū)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。研究盆地內(nèi)的地下水循環(huán)機(jī)制,對(duì)指導(dǎo)地下水資源評(píng)價(jià)及其合理開(kāi)發(fā)利用有重要作用和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文依托國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金“黑河流域地表水與地下水相互轉(zhuǎn)化的觀測(cè)與機(jī)制研究”和中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局“黑河流域重點(diǎn)地區(qū)水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查”項(xiàng)目,以張掖盆地地下水的循環(huán)機(jī)制及其開(kāi)發(fā)利用模式研究為主題,基于盆地時(shí)空演化與邊界特征分析,在對(duì)盆地內(nèi)含水層空間結(jié)構(gòu)以及地下水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)、地下水化學(xué)場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)分析研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從地下水補(bǔ)給、開(kāi)采—水位、溢出的激勵(lì)響應(yīng)關(guān)系入手,定量分析揭示盆地內(nèi)的地下水循環(huán)機(jī)制,提出地下水資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用模式。通過(guò)上述研究,取得了以下成果:1、在分析盆地的演化與邊界特征以及盆地基底高程、第四系厚度、包氣帶和飽水帶厚度變化規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建起盆地內(nèi)含水層的空間結(jié)構(gòu),為地下水循環(huán)機(jī)制研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。盆地地下水循環(huán)嚴(yán)格受含水層邊界和基底的控制。2、研究了盆地地下水水位的年內(nèi)和年際的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律以及地下水水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)特征,分析了盆地內(nèi)地下水的水化學(xué)與同位素特征以及水化學(xué)場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)變化規(guī)律,基于盆地地下水補(bǔ)給、開(kāi)采—水位、溢出的激勵(lì)響應(yīng)關(guān)系的研究,揭示盆地地下水為:主要受控于盆地含水層結(jié)構(gòu)和邊界條件,呈現(xiàn)以河水、渠道水、灌溉水入滲—地下水溢出、開(kāi)采、蒸發(fā)為主的“三源三匯”的地下水循環(huán)機(jī)制。3、基于盆地地下水循環(huán)機(jī)制及開(kāi)發(fā)利用存在的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)盆地地下水人工回灌增補(bǔ)地下水以及最大限度保障黑河草灘莊之下河道水的入滲補(bǔ)給,嚴(yán)控地下水系統(tǒng)總開(kāi)采規(guī)模,在春灌季節(jié)集中開(kāi)采地下水以替代和縮減平原水庫(kù)灌溉用水等方面的分析研究。提出盆地地下水應(yīng)以“增強(qiáng)補(bǔ)給、控制總量、調(diào)節(jié)開(kāi)采”來(lái)解決'卡脖旱'的地下水開(kāi)發(fā)利用模式。
[Abstract]:Zhangye Basin is one of the most important agricultural bases in China, which is located in the arid area of northwest China and belongs to the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. The basic characteristics of the basin are drought and water shortage. Groundwater, as an important part of water resources, supports the economic development and social stability in the region. The study of groundwater circulation mechanism in the basin plays an important role and practical significance in guiding the evaluation of groundwater resources and its rational development and utilization. This paper relies on the National Natural Science Foundation of China "observation and Mechanism Research on the Transformation of Surface Water and groundwater in Heihe River Basin" and "Hydrogeology Survey in key areas of Heihe River Basin" by China Geological Survey. Based on the analysis of temporal and spatial evolution and boundary characteristics of the basin, the spatial structure of aquifer and the dynamic field of groundwater in Zhangye Basin are studied. Based on the analysis of chemical field and temperature field of groundwater, starting with the relation of incentive response of groundwater recharge, exploitation-water level and overflow, this paper quantitatively reveals the circulation mechanism of groundwater in the basin, and puts forward the development and utilization model of groundwater resources. Based on the analysis of the evolution and boundary characteristics of the basin and the variation of the basement height, Quaternary thickness, aeration zone and saturated zone thickness, the spatial structure of the aquifer in the basin is constructed. It lays a foundation for the study of groundwater circulation mechanism. The groundwater circulation in the basin is strictly controlled by the aquifer boundary and basement. The temporal and spatial variation of groundwater level and the characteristics of groundwater hydrodynamic field are studied in this paper. The characteristics of hydrochemistry and isotopes of groundwater in the basin and the variation of hydrochemical field and temperature field are analyzed. It is revealed that the groundwater in the basin is mainly controlled by the structure and boundary conditions of the aquifer in the basin. It presents the infiltration of the river water, the canal water, the irrigation water and the groundwater overflow and exploitation. The groundwater circulation mechanism of "three sources and three sinks", which is dominated by evaporation, is based on the circulation mechanism of groundwater and the problems existing in its exploitation and utilization in the basin. Through artificial recharge of groundwater in basin and maximum guarantee of infiltration and recharge of river water under Caotan Zhuang of Heihe River, the total exploitation scale of groundwater system is strictly controlled. In spring irrigation season concentrated exploitation of groundwater to replace and reduce the plain reservoir irrigation water analysis and research. It is suggested that the groundwater exploitation and utilization model should be "enhanced recharge, control of total amount and regulation of exploitation" to solve the problem of "neck dryness".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P641.8
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本文編號(hào)：1957345