本文選題：榆神府礦區(qū) + 淺埋煤層��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：榆神府礦區(qū)屬于鄂爾多斯侏羅紀(jì)煤田的一部分,地處陜西省北部黃土高原和毛烏素沙漠的過渡地帶。區(qū)內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存煤炭資源豐富,擁有我國(guó)目前最大已探明煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量,是我國(guó)重要的能源基地。但陜北地區(qū)氣候惡劣,干旱少雨,水資源稀缺,生態(tài)環(huán)境十分脆弱。區(qū)內(nèi)含水地層少,薩拉烏蘇組是主要的含水層和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)供給水源。礦區(qū)煤炭開采對(duì)含水層的破壞和環(huán)境污染不僅影響著居民的生活生產(chǎn)等活動(dòng),還嚴(yán)重威脅著陜北的生態(tài)平衡,關(guān)系到陜北地區(qū)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文通過對(duì)榆神府礦區(qū)相關(guān)資料的調(diào)查和研究,對(duì)礦區(qū)煤炭的埋藏地質(zhì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行分類和概化,并據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)多煤層開采方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上開展了四組物理模型試驗(yàn)和三組數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算。以此得出陜北礦區(qū)上覆地層在多煤層開采條件下的破壞規(guī)律和水體變化特征。試驗(yàn)取得成果如下:(1)礦區(qū)煤層類型為地表厚松散層淺埋煤層,試驗(yàn)中覆巖破壞方式是全厚層切落。在首采煤層留煤柱的情況下,覆巖“三帶”發(fā)育高度低,下煤層的采動(dòng)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致上煤層頂板巖層全厚層切落。(2)試驗(yàn)表明,在含水層下含隔水粘土層時(shí),首采煤層采空區(qū)合理留設(shè)煤柱,能有效阻止導(dǎo)水裂隙的形成,保持水分。在無煤柱或缺少粘土層的情況下,導(dǎo)水裂隙將連同含水層,疏干水體。(3)在首采煤層留煤柱的情況下,通常開切眼和收割線上方發(fā)育剪切裂隙,工作面推進(jìn)過程中發(fā)育在煤柱上方的裂隙一般為拉裂隙;在不留煤柱的情況下,巖層中的裂隙多為剪切作用產(chǎn)生。(4)采空區(qū)地表呈現(xiàn)臺(tái)階式下沉。含粘土層煤層上覆地層埋深越深,下沉量越大。巖層下沉受煤柱影響較大,隔粘土層和含水層的下沉量受煤柱影響較小。不含粘土層的煤層覆巖不同深度下降較為一致。
[Abstract]:Yushenfu mining area is a part of Jurassic coal field in Ordos, located in the transitional zone of Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in northern Shaanxi Province. The region is rich in coal resources and has the largest proven coal reserves in China, which is an important energy base in China. However, the climate in northern Shaanxi is harsh, drought is less, water resources are scarce, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The Sarawusu formation is the main source of water for aquifers and ecosystems. The destruction of aquifer and environmental pollution caused by coal mining in mining area not only affect the activities such as living and production of residents, but also threaten the ecological balance of northern Shaanxi seriously, which is related to the sustainable development of economy in northern Shaanxi. Based on the investigation and study of the relevant data of Yushenfu mining area, this paper classifies and generalizes the buried geological environment of coal in the mining area, and designs the mining method of multiple coal seams accordingly. On this basis, four groups of physical model tests and three groups of numerical simulation were carried out. The damage law and water body change characteristics of the overlying strata in the mining area of northern Shaanxi are obtained under the condition of multi coal seam mining. The results of the test are as follows: (1) the coal seam type in the mining area is shallow coal seam with thick loose layer, and the failure mode of overburden rock in the test is the cutting of the whole thick layer. When the coal pillar is left in the first coal seam, the height of the overburden "three zones" is low, and the mining movement of the lower coal seam will result in the cut off of the whole thick strata of the roof of the upper coal seam. The test shows that when there are water-separated clay layers under the aquifer, The reasonable setting of coal pillar in goaf of first coal seam can effectively prevent the formation of water conduction fissure and maintain water content. In the absence of a coal pillar or clay layer, the water-conducting fissure, together with the aquifer, dredge the water body and keep the coal pillar in the first coal seam, usually develops shear fractures above the cutting hole and the harvesting line, In the process of working face advance, the cracks developed above the coal pillar are generally tension cracks; in the case of no coal pillar, the cracks in the strata are mostly caused by shearing. 4) the surface of the goaf presents a step type subsidence. The deeper the overlying stratum is, the greater the subsidence is. The subsidence of strata is greatly affected by coal pillars, and the subsidence of separated clay layers and aquifers is less affected by coal pillars. The different depth of overburden in coal seam without clay layer is more consistent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P641.4

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