本文選題：白堊紀缺氧 + 與富氧事件地球圈層相互作用��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)》2017年04期

【摘要】：白堊紀諸多地質(zhì)事件中,以黑色頁巖為特征的大洋缺氧事件和以紅層為特征的大洋富氧環(huán)境尤其引人關注。本文探討了白堊紀大洋從缺氧到富氧轉化的過程與機制,認為上述沉積事件是地球圈層之間相互作用的結果。白堊紀巖石圈劇烈的巖漿活動,是缺氧、富氧事件發(fā)生的源動力,水圈、大氣圈、生物圈的共同作用是沉積事件發(fā)生的結果。具體過程為:白堊紀大規(guī)模的火山噴發(fā),改變了海陸面積的對比,并引起地球內(nèi)部大量熱能釋放和大氣中CO_2氣體濃度的升高,最終導致大氣溫度的升高。海水溫度的升高和CO_2濃度的增加導致海洋環(huán)境中溶解O_2的降低,缺氧事件隨之而產(chǎn)生。同時,海底巖漿噴發(fā)在海底產(chǎn)生大量的富含鐵元素的基性和超基性巖石,通過海底風化和熱液活動,鐵元素從巖石圈進入水圈。海水中的鐵元素是海洋浮游植物寶貴的營養(yǎng)鹽類,其含量的增加可激發(fā)浮游植物的大規(guī)模繁盛,而這一生命過程可以吸收海水中大量的CO_2,并且產(chǎn)生等量的O_2。隨著海水中O_2濃度的不斷升高,以富含F(xiàn)e3+的紅色沉積物為特征的海洋富氧環(huán)境出現(xiàn)。藏南和深海鉆探、大洋鉆探典型剖面的數(shù)據(jù)證實大洋缺氧和富氧發(fā)生的韻律性,即缺氧事件之后往往伴隨富氧環(huán)境的出現(xiàn)。研究認為,白堊紀大洋缺氧和富氧事件是同一原因?qū)е碌牟煌Y果,地球圈層相互作用是其根本制約因素。由巖漿活動引起的缺氧事件和同樣由其造成的富氧環(huán)境,其機制存在明顯的差異,前者以物理、化學過程為主,后者除此之外還演繹了更為復雜的生物-海洋地球化學過程。
[Abstract]:In many geological events of the Cretaceous, the oceanic anoxia events characterized by black shale and the oceanic oxygen rich environment characterized by the red layer are especially concerned. This paper discusses the process and mechanism of the Cretaceous Ocean from oxygen to oxygen enrichment, and considers that the above sedimentary events are the result of the interaction between the earth's circle and the Cretaceous lithosphere. The strong magmatic activity is the source of the anoxic and oxygen rich events, the interaction of the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere is the result of the occurrence of the sedimentary events. The specific process is that the massive volcanic eruption in the Cretaceous period changed the contrast of the area of the sea and land, and caused the release of large heat energy inside the earth and the increase of the concentration of CO_2 gas in the atmosphere. The increase of atmospheric temperature. The increase of the temperature of the sea water and the increase of the concentration of CO_2 lead to the decrease of the dissolved O_2 in the marine environment, and the occurrence of the anoxic events. At the same time, the magma eruption produces a large number of iron rich basic and ultrabasic rocks on the sea floor, and through the weathering and hydrothermal activity of the sea bottom, the iron elements enter the water circle from the lithosphere. The iron element in the water is a valuable nutrient of marine phytoplankton, which increases the mass of phytoplankton. This life process can absorb a large amount of CO_2 in the sea water, and produce an equal amount of O_2. with the increasing concentration of O_2 in the sea water, a marine oxygen rich ring characterized by the rich red deposits of Fe3+. The data of Zangnan and deep sea drilling, the typical section of the ocean drilling section confirm the rhythm of the oceanic anoxia and oxygen enrichment, that is, the oxygen rich environment often occurs following the anoxic event. The mechanism of anoxia caused by magmatic activity and the oxygen enriched environment, which is also caused by it, has obvious differences. The former is dominated by physical and chemical processes. In addition to this, the latter also deduces a more complex biological marine geochemical process.
【作者單位】： 華北理工大學礦業(yè)工程學院;華北理工大學地層古生物研究中心;
【基金】：國家重點基礎研究發(fā)展計劃“973”項目(2012CB822000) 國家自然科學基金(41172015;41302008) 河北省自然科學基金(D2015209075;D2017209236) 河北省教育廳自然科學基金重點項目(ZD2016077) 華北理工大學省自然科學基金培育項目(SP201501)聯(lián)合資助~~
【分類號】：P534.53

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