本文選題：伊犁—鞏乃斯河谷 + 地表水與地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆伊犁-鞏乃斯河谷地處歐亞大陸中部,遠(yuǎn)離海洋、降水稀少、蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈,區(qū)域地表—地下水資源嚴(yán)重制約著區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,是國(guó)家實(shí)施絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的重大制約因素。由于受區(qū)域特殊的地質(zhì)地貌、氣象水文要素時(shí)空變異性大和地表—地下水系統(tǒng)關(guān)系復(fù)雜性等問題限制,目前該區(qū)域地表—地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系的研究相對(duì)比較薄弱,制約了人們對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源的合理開發(fā)和可持續(xù)利用與保護(hù)。因此,開展伊犁-鞏乃斯河谷地表與地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系研究,不僅能科學(xué)有效地指導(dǎo)水資源的合理分配,更能為我國(guó)西北地區(qū)能源基地建設(shè)提供理論依據(jù)。本文在充分分析伊犁-鞏乃斯河谷地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇典型剖面,利用水化學(xué)、同位素技術(shù)和地下水動(dòng)力學(xué)的理論做指導(dǎo),結(jié)合野外水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查、野外取樣、室內(nèi)檢測(cè)等試驗(yàn)方法,通過對(duì)水化學(xué)組分分析、同位素特征分析與剖面數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法研究伊犁-鞏乃斯河谷地表水和地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。主要結(jié)論有:(1)河水的礦化度沿程逐漸增加,水化學(xué)類型由HCO3?SO4-Ca到HCO3?SO4-Ca?Mg(Ca?Na)型。地下水的礦化度隨著地貌單元從山前洪積扇到?jīng)_積平原逐漸減小,水化學(xué)類型由HCO3?SO4 Ca?Na到HCO3?SO4 Ca?Mg(Ca?Na)型。(2)根據(jù)研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件,在獲取地下水流場(chǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過剖面二維地下水流數(shù)值模擬、水化學(xué)與同位素分析,從鞏乃斯河上游到伊犁河下游,河水與地下水存在相同的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系,即都是隨著南北方向河流距離的減小,水頭逐漸減低,最終排泄到伊犁河。(3)同位素研究表明,大氣降水是河水和地下水的重要補(bǔ)給來源,從鞏乃斯種羊場(chǎng)到阿熱吾斯塘鄉(xiāng),地下水對(duì)伊犁河河水的補(bǔ)給呈現(xiàn)遞增趨勢(shì),在阿熱吾斯塘鄉(xiāng)達(dá)到最大,地下水對(duì)河水的比例達(dá)到61.8%,而后又轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檫f減趨勢(shì)。(4)通過剖面二維數(shù)值模擬可以看出,伊犁河左岸的水力坡度均大于右岸,說明左岸的徑流速度比右岸快,左岸的更新速度也比右岸快。山前洪積扇是強(qiáng)徑流區(qū),徑流速度大于0.4m/d;沖洪積平原是中等徑流區(qū),徑流速度是0.1~0.4m/d;沖積平原是弱徑流區(qū),徑流速度小于0.1m/d。(5)剖面I向鞏乃斯河中游滲漏補(bǔ)給量為6.99m3/d,剖面Ⅱ向伊犁河上游滲漏補(bǔ)給量為19.15m3/d,剖面Ⅲ向伊犁河中游滲漏補(bǔ)給量為18.8m3/d,剖面Ⅳ向伊犁河下游滲漏補(bǔ)給量為33.49m3/d。
[Abstract]:Located in the middle of Eurasia, Xinjiang Yili Gongnisi Valley is far from the ocean, with rare precipitation and strong evaporation. The regional surface and groundwater resources seriously restrict the regional ecological environment protection and the sustainable development of social economy. Is the national implementation of the Silk Road economic belt and the West Development Strategy of major constraints. Because of the special geology and geomorphology in the region, the large spatiotemporal variability of meteorological and hydrological elements and the complexity of the surface-groundwater system relationship, the research on the surface-groundwater transformation relationship in this area is relatively weak at present. It restricts the rational development and sustainable utilization and protection of local water resources. Therefore, the study on the relationship between surface and groundwater transformation in Yili Gongnays Valley can not only guide the rational allocation of water resources, but also provide a theoretical basis for the construction of energy base in Northwest China. Based on the analysis of the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Yili Gongnays valley, the typical section is selected, the hydrochemistry, isotope technique and groundwater dynamics theory are used as the guidance, and the field sampling is carried out in combination with the field hydrogeological survey. The transformation relationship between surface water and groundwater in Yili-Gongnays Valley was studied by means of water chemical composition analysis isotopic characteristics analysis and numerical simulation of profile. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the salinity of the river increases gradually, and the hydrochemical types range from HCO3?SO4-Ca to HCO _ 3H _ 3SO _ 4-CaO _ (mg) Ca _ (+) (Na) type. The mineralization degree of groundwater decreases gradually with the geomorphologic unit from the alluvial fan to the alluvial plain, and the hydrochemical type is from HCO3?SO4 Ca?Na to HCO3?SO4 CaMg-MgCa-Na) type. 2) according to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the groundwater flow field is obtained. Through the numerical simulation of two-dimensional groundwater flow in the section and the analysis of hydrochemistry and isotope, from the upper part of the Gongnays River to the lower reaches of the Yili River, there is the same transformation relationship between the river and the groundwater, that is, the distance between the river in the north and the south direction decreases. Isotopic studies show that atmospheric precipitation is an important source of water and groundwater recharge, and the groundwater recharge to the Yili River is increasing from the Gongnays Sheep Farm to the Arewustang Township. The ratio of groundwater to river water reaches the maximum in Arewustang, and the ratio of groundwater to river water reaches 61.8, and then it turns into a decreasing trend. (4) the hydraulic slope of the left bank of the Yili River is larger than that of the right bank through the two-dimensional numerical simulation of the profile. It shows that the runoff velocity on the left bank is faster than that on the right bank, and the renewal speed on the left bank is also faster than that on the right bank. The front alluvial fan is a strong runoff area with a runoff velocity greater than 0.4 m / d; the alluvial plain is a medium runoff area with a runoff velocity of 0.1 ~ 0.4 m / d; the alluvial plain is a weak runoff area. The runoff velocity is less than 0.1 m / d.) the leakage recharge from section I to the middle part of Gongnays River is 6.99m3 / d, from section 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1947084