本文選題：濟南 + 巖溶區(qū)��； 參考：《山東大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：濟南市位于魯西北沖積平原和魯中南丘陵低山交接地帶,南靠泰山,北臨黃河,南高北低,夏天炎熱多雨,冬季寒冷干燥,具有典型的暖溫帶大陸性季風氣候特征。濟南號稱“泉城”,僅城區(qū)內就有趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龍?zhí)�、珍珠泉四大名�?整個轄區(qū)還有大大小小700多個天然泉眼,有“七十二名泉”美稱,被譽為舉世無雙的天然巖溶泉水博物館。2010年,以趵突泉為代表的濟南諸泉被列入《中國國家自然與文化雙遺產預備名錄》。隨著濟南城市建設與發(fā)展步伐的加快,對水資源的需求量逐漸增多,長期超采及不合理的開發(fā)利用造成了濟南地下水位下降,泉水斷流：趵突泉從1972年首次斷流,之后經常在枯水期間出現斷流,1999-2001年甚至連續(xù)斷流932天,一定程度上影響了城市形象,制約了社會經濟發(fā)展。泉水斷流引起了濟南市委市政府的高度重視,自1983年起,保泉工作年年成為政府工作重點。為再現濟南泉水噴涌,恢復和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,濟南市從2001年9月開始大量引用黃河水,關閉了市區(qū)及西郊水廠的部分供水井及二環(huán)路以內的工業(yè)自備井,近兩年,更是實施了回灌補源、海綿城市試點建設等項工程。保持泉水持續(xù)噴涌,合理、有效、持續(xù)地開發(fā)與利用地下水資源,控制城市因地下水資源的過度開發(fā)而導致的環(huán)境問題,建設生態(tài)宜居、可持續(xù)發(fā)展城市環(huán)境已經成為濟南社會各界的共識。濟南南部山區(qū)廣泛分布著寒武—奧陶系石灰?guī)r,有著發(fā)育良好的石灰?guī)r溶洞、溶孔、溶隙、溶蝕管道,為地下水的儲存運移提供了巨大的空間和通道：而市區(qū)的趵突泉泉域含水層有較大儲水空間和較強的調蓄能力,這種巨大調蓄能力和得天獨厚的水文地質條件,有利于利用地表水源進行人工調蓄補源。從水位埋深條件看,山前地帶水位埋深大,有利于自然入滲,市區(qū)附近地下水具有承壓性,不利于自然入滲;從含水層結構來看,地層產狀平緩,而且為北傾單斜構造,含水層厚度在30～60m之間為最佳。這也是濟南市可實施回灌補源、海綿城市建設的有利水文地質條件之一。作為一名學生,我有幸參加了工程的查勘和論證,并以濟南巖溶區(qū)地下水作為研究對象,進行了深入地研究和探索。自80年代以來,特別是隨著計算機技術的應用與普及,地下水系統(tǒng)數值模型技術得到了快速發(fā)展,成為研究地下水運動規(guī)律和定量評價地下水資源的主要手段之一,逐漸取代了傳統(tǒng)的數學模擬技術。數值模型可以體現地下水系統(tǒng)的本質特征,根據現有的地下水資源狀況和可以用于開發(fā)利用的地下水資源量,在確保不破壞自然生態(tài)環(huán)境及不發(fā)生無法治愈的水患條件下,在達到既能滿足泉水持續(xù)噴涌又能滿足城市經濟建設和市民生活的需求目標下,可以最大化地開采及利用地下水資源,基本實現科學管理地下水資源的既定目標。本文所研究的濟南巖溶區(qū)地下水數值模型是結合濟南市城市總體發(fā)展規(guī)劃,針對目前城市地下水資源開發(fā)利用不當等一系列問題,運用數值模原理建立科學靈活的地下水資源管理模型,從而獲得一個合理的、能夠反映研究區(qū)地下含水層系統(tǒng)特性的數值模型并通過運行該模型,應用信號與系統(tǒng)分析、響應矩陣法等,提出了地下水資源綜合開發(fā)利用總體優(yōu)化方案。該模型通過對工作區(qū)以往的基礎地質、水文地質、工程地質、保泉供水等資料進行收集、整理和綜合研究,結合近年長測資料,通過野外調查,實地驗證,充分考慮到長孝巖溶系統(tǒng)、趵突泉泉域、白泉泉域的形成和發(fā)育均處在一個比較完整的地下水系統(tǒng)內,在較長時期內,有相對固定的補給項和排泄項,故將其作為一個有機系統(tǒng),從整體出發(fā),優(yōu)化組合,采用計算機技術、數學模型和優(yōu)化技術等手段,建立的一個科學合理的、反映研究區(qū)地下含水層系統(tǒng)特性的數值模型。模型采用GMS地下水模擬軟件包,確定了高程、模擬期以及水文地質參數等,建立了三維可視化模型以及研究區(qū)潛水含水層滲透系數分區(qū)圖、研究區(qū)潛水含水層給水度分區(qū)圖、研究區(qū)巖溶水含水層滲透系數分區(qū)圖和研究區(qū)巖溶水含水層貯水率分區(qū)圖,并運用試估—校正法進行了模型的識別和驗證。地下水數值模型通過計算機技術模擬水位觀測期地下水水位變化過程,并通過計算出來的結果分析,得出：所建立的模擬水位和實測水位較為接近,符合研究區(qū)域的水文地質條件,基本可以反映研究區(qū)實際水位的變化過程和地下水系統(tǒng)的水力特征。地下水系統(tǒng)數值模擬管理模型可以更系統(tǒng)地研究濟南地下水系統(tǒng)的運動規(guī)律和含水系各方面關系,更精確地論證趵突泉泉域的水文地質特征及其與相鄰水文地質單元的關系,全面掌握研究區(qū)地下水流的運動規(guī)律,準確認識研究區(qū)域內的水文和地質條件,取得地下水規(guī)劃管理問題的最佳方案。同時,本文結合濟南地區(qū)的水文地質條件,根據含水層的可利用容積、地下水位埋藏深度、含水層的導水性能和儲存性能等條件選擇了回灌補源地段進行地表水轉換地下水試驗研究,并提出了具體的補源方案。地下水管理資源模型是目前探求濟南市科學開采利用地下水的一項新的嘗試,它高度遵守地下水運動規(guī)律,為科學管理濟南市地下水資源這一目標服務。本文所研究的地下水資源管理模型是解決新階段城市發(fā)展過程中產生的水資源短缺問題和社會經濟發(fā)展的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題、實現地下水資源系統(tǒng)的良性循環(huán)的一種新的探索和嘗試。本次研究主要取得了以下成果：1.建立濟南巖溶區(qū)地下水數值模型。綜合考慮第四系孔隙含水層和裂隙巖溶含水層之間的水力聯系,結合研究區(qū)沖洪積扇的范圍、厚度等水文地質要素,將長孝巖溶系統(tǒng)、趵突泉泉域、白泉泉域作為一個整體進行建模。應用計算機技術重現水位觀測期地下水水位變動過程,并通過對計算結果的分析,進一步了解區(qū)域的水文地質條件,建立可視化的濟南泉域及其鄰區(qū)的地下水數值模型。2.建立濟南巖溶區(qū)地下水管理模型。在新建地下水數值模型的基礎上,應用信號與系統(tǒng)分析、響應矩陣法等方法,計算出濟西、西郊、市區(qū)、東郊開采地下水以及補源、城區(qū)建設等對泉水位的影響,生成濟南巖溶區(qū)地下水資源優(yōu)化管理模型,通過該模型得出更合理的地下水資源優(yōu)化配置方案。3.提出科學的保泉補源方案。論文綜合分析了應采取何種措施進行保泉,從地下水水力聯系、徑流通道、入滲性能以及調蓄容量等方面,論證了調蓄補源是保護名泉的必要措施之一。并具體分析了具有代表性的調蓄補源地段的地理特點、地質條件、表流特征、地層巖性等要素,提出了實施調蓄補源的具體方案,為政府決策提供了科學依據。
[Abstract]:Ji'nan is located in the northwestern alluvial plain and the low mountain zone in the South and South Hills of Shandong Province, South by Taishan, the Yellow River in the north, low in the south, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, with typical warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Ji'nan is known as the "Spring City", but only the Baotu Spring, the black tiger spring, the five Longtan, and the pearl spring are the four famous springs. There are more than 700 natural springs and more than 700 natural springs in the whole area. It is called "seventy-two Famous Springs". It is known as the natural karst spring museum in.2010. The spring of Ji'nan, represented by Baotu Spring, is listed in the Chinese national natural and cultural double heritage list. With the acceleration of the construction and development of the city of Jinan City, the water capital is made. The demand for the source is increasing gradually. The long-term overexploitation and unreasonable exploitation and utilization have caused the decline of the groundwater level in Ji'nan and the breakwater of the spring water: the Baotu Spring has broken out for the first time in 1972, and then often breaks out in the dry period, and has broken the flow for 932 days for 1999-2001 years or even continuously, to a certain extent, the image of the city has been sounded and the social and economic development has been restricted. The spring water is broken. The flow has aroused the high attention of the municipal government of Ji'nan municipal municipal government. Since 1983, the work of the government has become the focus of government work. In order to reproduce the fountain of Ji'nan spring water, restore and improve the ecological environment, Ji'nan city began to quote a large number of the Yellow River water from September 2001, closed the part of the water supply well in the urban and western suburb waterworks and the industrial self well within the two ring road, In the last two years, it has been carried out to carry out the project of recharge and supplement and the pilot construction of the sponge city. Keeping the spring water flowing continuously, rationally, effectively, continuously developing and utilizing the groundwater resources, controlling the environmental problems caused by the overexploitation of the groundwater resources, building the ecological environment, and the sustainable development of the urban environment has become the society of Ji'nan. It is common understanding that Cambrian Ordovician limestone is widely distributed in the southern mountain area of Ji'nan, with well developed limestone karst caves, dissolving holes, dissolving gaps and corroding pipelines, which provide huge space and channel for the storage and transport of groundwater: the Baotu Spring aquifers in the urban area have large water storage space and strong storage capacity. In view of the depth of the water level, the water level in the mountain area is deep, which is beneficial to the natural infiltration. The groundwater in the vicinity of the urban area is pressure bearing and is not conducive to the natural infiltration. From the structure of the water bearing layer, the formation of the formation is gentle and the North inclined monocline. Structure, the thickness of the aquifer is the best between 30 and 60m. This is one of the favorable hydrogeological conditions for the construction of the spongy city in Ji'nan. As a student, I was fortunate to have participated in the investigation and demonstration of the project, and studied and explored the groundwater in Ji'nan karst area as a research object. Since 80s, it has been studied and explored. Since the application and popularization of computer technology, the numerical model technology of groundwater system has been developed rapidly. It has become one of the main means to study the law of groundwater movement and the quantitative evaluation of groundwater resources. It has gradually replaced the traditional mathematical simulation technology. The numerical model can reflect the essential characteristics of the groundwater system, and the root of the groundwater system is the root of the numerical model. According to the existing conditions of groundwater resources and the amount of groundwater resources that can be used for exploitation and utilization, under the conditions of ensuring no destruction of natural ecological environment and without incurable water, it is possible to maximize the exploitation and utilization of the water under the requirements of satisfying the continuous spewing of the spring water and meeting the economic construction of the city and the living of the citizens. Groundwater resources, basically realize the established objective of scientific management of groundwater resources. The groundwater numerical model in Ji'nan karst area is a scientific and flexible groundwater resource management based on a series of problems such as the unsuitable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in the city of Ji'nan. In order to obtain a reasonable model, it can reflect the numerical model of the characteristics of the groundwater aquifer system in the study area, and through the operation of the model, using the signal and system analysis, the response matrix method and so on, the overall optimization scheme of the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources is put forward. The data of Cheng Gequan and water supply water supply are collected, collated and synthetically studied. According to the long survey data in recent years, through field investigation and field verification, the formation and development of the long filial piety karst system and the Baotu Spring spring area are all in a relatively complete underground water system. In a long period, there are relatively fixed supply items. As an organic system, it is a scientific and rational model to reflect the characteristics of the groundwater aquifer system in the study area by means of computer technology, mathematical model and optimization technology as an organic system, using the computer technology, mathematical model and optimization technology. The model uses the GMS groundwater simulation software package to determine the elevation, simulation period and water. The three-dimensional visualization model and the zoning map of the osmosis coefficient of the diving aquifer in the study area, the partition map of water aquifer water content in the study area, the zoning map of the osmotic coefficient of the karst water aquifer in the study area and the zoning map of the water storage rate in the karst water aquifer in the study area, and the identification and test of the model are carried out by the trial estimation method. A numerical model of groundwater is used to simulate the process of groundwater level change during the observation period of water level by computer technology, and through the analysis of the calculated results, it is concluded that the simulated water level is close to the measured water level, which conforms to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, and can basically reflect the change process of the actual water level and the groundwater in the study area. The hydraulic characteristics of the system. The groundwater system numerical simulation management model can more systematically study the movement law of the groundwater system in Ji'nan and the relation of all aspects of the aquifer system, and more accurately demonstrate the hydrogeological characteristics of the Baotu Spring spring area and its relation to the adjacent hydrogeological units, and master the movement law of the groundwater flow in the study area. At the same time, according to the hydrogeological conditions of the Ji'nan area, this paper selects the surface of the recharge and supplement source area according to the available volume of the aquifer, the buried depth of the groundwater level, the water conductivity and the storage performance of the aquifer. The water transfer groundwater test research and the specific source scheme are put forward. The groundwater management resource model is a new attempt to explore the scientific exploitation and utilization of groundwater in Ji'nan. It highly comply with the law of groundwater movement and serve the scientific management of the groundwater resources in Ji'nan. The groundwater resource management studied in this paper The model is a new exploration and attempt to solve the problem of water resources shortage and sustainable development of social and economic development in the process of urban development in the new stage, and to achieve a new exploration and attempt to realize the virtuous cycle of the groundwater resource system. This study mainly achieved the following results: 1. the numerical model of groundwater in Ji'nan rock dissolve area is established. The comprehensive consideration of fourth Based on the hydraulic relation between the pore aquifers and the fractured karst aquifers, combined with the hydrogeological factors such as the scope and thickness of the alluvial fan in the study area, the long filial karst system, the Baotu Spring spring area and the white spring field are modeled as a whole. The process of groundwater level variation in the water level observation period is reproduced by computer technology and the calculation is calculated. The results of the analysis, further understanding of the regional hydrogeological conditions, the establishment of a visualization of the Ji'nan spring area and its adjacent area groundwater numerical model.2. to establish the groundwater management model in Ji'nan karst area. On the basis of the new groundwater numerical model, the application of signal and system analysis, the response matrix method and other methods are used to calculate the Jinxi, western suburbs and urban areas. In the eastern suburb, the influence of groundwater, supplement source and urban construction on the water level of the spring is produced, and the optimization management model of groundwater resources in Ji'nan karst area is generated. Through this model, a more rational scheme of groundwater resources allocation is proposed by.3.. In the aspects of force connection, runoff passage, infiltration performance and storage capacity, it is demonstrated that the storage and supplement source is one of the necessary measures to protect the famous spring, and analyzes the geographical features, geological conditions, surface flow characteristics and stratigraphic lithology, and puts forward the concrete scheme for the implementation of the regulation and storage for the government. The scientific basis is provided.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P641.8

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