本文選題：金屬礦地震 + 信噪比　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近地表礦產(chǎn)資源在快速發(fā)展的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的今天面臨著日漸枯竭,這就使得深部勘探成為主流,金屬礦的開采和勘探已經(jīng)由淺層地表(500m)進(jìn)入到第二開采和探測(cè)空間(500m-2000m,以及更深的探測(cè)空間)。由于金屬礦地震的地質(zhì)條件的復(fù)雜性,金屬礦床形態(tài)(地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、控礦構(gòu)造)十分復(fù)雜,地層傾角一般較陡；礦體的幾何尺度一般較�。坏V體與周圍巖層之間的波阻抗差也很�。辉诘V體內(nèi)部,呈現(xiàn)非均勻體性質(zhì),比如,礦體(如塊狀硫化物礦體)常常表現(xiàn)為次級(jí)散射源,其信號(hào)幅度弱,噪聲常常將其淹沒,通常使得在金屬礦勘探中獲得的地震記錄信噪比較低。在金屬礦地震資料處理中,地震資料處理工作中的一個(gè)最重要的環(huán)節(jié)是提高記錄的信噪比和分辨率。噪聲衰減是地震數(shù)據(jù)處理中非常重要的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。目前的降噪處理方法對(duì)低速、低頻干擾波的處理效果較好,對(duì)速度高、能量強(qiáng)的干擾波還缺乏有效的分離復(fù)雜地震波場(chǎng)和強(qiáng)有力的降噪處理手段。疊前降噪不干凈嚴(yán)重影響了金屬礦地震資料的處理效果。 本文系統(tǒng)的介紹了金屬礦地震數(shù)據(jù)的噪聲來源,對(duì)震源噪聲、外界噪聲產(chǎn)生的原因、干擾類型和噪聲特點(diǎn)等特性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。在不同的數(shù)學(xué)域中,分析干擾波和有效波之間的差異,尋找差異最大的數(shù)學(xué)域,然后設(shè)計(jì)出合適的降噪算法進(jìn)行信噪分離。 如今去除地震波噪聲已近有多種處理手段,Radon變換(線性Radon變換、拋物線Radon變換、雙曲線Radon變換)為基礎(chǔ)的降噪方法和技術(shù),可使Radon域信噪更好分離,可以壓制多次波和強(qiáng)噪聲,分離轉(zhuǎn)換波；基于小波分解和重建的干擾波降噪方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)噪聲和信號(hào)的分離,這一變換適合面波和隨機(jī)噪聲的壓制。本文設(shè)計(jì)了串聯(lián)降噪技術(shù)及其處理流程,按照一定的順序,對(duì)噪聲進(jìn)行衰減。著重介紹使用了小波變換和Radon變換及F-K濾波幾種針對(duì)不同噪聲的降噪處理方法。通過模型試算,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證該降噪方法的可行性。 金屬礦地震數(shù)據(jù)中運(yùn)用串聯(lián)降噪方法,將會(huì)大大提高地震數(shù)據(jù)的信噪比,對(duì)金屬礦地震數(shù)據(jù)中干擾多且能量強(qiáng)的噪聲進(jìn)行去除及壓制都有較好的效果。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,可以根據(jù)金屬礦地震數(shù)據(jù)特殊性和差異性,選擇不同串聯(lián)降噪方法,以達(dá)到較好的處理效果(高信噪比和高分辨率的地震剖面),為后期工作提供保障。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, the near-surface mineral resources are increasingly depleted, which makes deep exploration into the mainstream. The mining and exploration of metal deposits has entered the second mining and exploration space from 500m to 2000m, and to the deeper exploration space from 500m to 500m. Because of the complexity of the geological conditions of metallic ore earthquakes, the shape of metal deposits (geological structure, ore-controlling structure) is very complicated, the stratigraphic dip is generally steeper, the geometric scale of orebody is generally small. The difference in wave impedance between the ore body and the surrounding rock is also very small; within the ore body, there is an inhomogeneous body, for example, the orebody (such as the massive sulfide orebody) is often shown as a secondary scattering source, the signal amplitude is weak, and the noise often submerges it. Usually, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic records obtained in metal ore exploration is low. In the processing of metal ore seismic data, one of the most important steps in seismic data processing is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the records. Noise attenuation is a very important task in seismic data processing. The current noise reduction methods have good effect on low-speed and low-frequency interference waves, but lack of effective separation of complex seismic wave fields and powerful means of noise reduction for high velocity and strong energy interference waves. The unclean pre-stack noise reduction seriously affects the processing effect of metal ore seismic data. In this paper, the noise sources of metal mine seismic data are systematically introduced. The source noise, the causes of external noise, the types of interference and the characteristics of noise are introduced in detail. In different mathematical domains, the difference between the interference wave and the effective wave is analyzed, and the mathematical domain with the biggest difference is found, and then an appropriate denoising algorithm is designed to separate the signal and noise. Nowadays, there are many methods and techniques to remove seismic wave noise based on Radon transform (linear Radon transform, parabola Radon transform, hyperbolic Radon transform), which can separate the signal noise in Radon domain better and suppress multiple waves and strong noise. The noise is separated from the signal by the noise reduction method based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, which is suitable for the suppression of surface wave and random noise. In this paper, the series noise reduction technology and its processing flow are designed, and the noise is attenuated in a certain order. Wavelet transform, Radon transform and F-K filter are used to reduce noise. The feasibility of the noise reduction method is further verified by the model test. The use of series noise reduction method in metal mine seismic data will greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, and it has a good effect on removing and suppressing the noise in the metal mine seismic data which has a lot of interference and strong energy. In practical application, different series noise reduction methods can be selected according to the particularity and difference of metal mine seismic data, in order to achieve better processing effect (high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution seismic profile), and provide guarantee for later work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.44

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