本文選題：異常波 + 中值濾波��； 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)?shù)叵麓嬖趶?fù)雜構(gòu)造的情況下,如存在尖滅點(diǎn)、斷面、孔洞等,地震記錄上會(huì)出現(xiàn)一類傳統(tǒng)意義上的異常波(如斷面波、繞射波等),它們是地下復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造引起的,是了解地下異常信息的有效波。然而,現(xiàn)有的成像技術(shù)都是將異常波與反射波同時(shí)進(jìn)行成像處理,導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是地震成像分辨率降低,異常波攜帶的地質(zhì)信息沒有得到有效利用。因此,為了能充分利用這類異常波精細(xì)解決復(fù)雜地質(zhì)問題,本文從異常波勘探理論出發(fā),對(duì)地震異常波成像技術(shù)展開研究,其目的是通過(guò)異常波提取并單獨(dú)成像,實(shí)現(xiàn)精細(xì)解決地質(zhì)問題的目的。在深入分析異常波產(chǎn)生的原因、傳播規(guī)律及地震響應(yīng)特征的基礎(chǔ)上,本文借助兩組地質(zhì)模型,著重開展了異常波提取、成像速度建模和偏移成像等研究工作。在異常波提取研究中,實(shí)現(xiàn)了中值濾波及均值濾波方法在共炮點(diǎn)道集、共偏移距道集及共中心點(diǎn)疊加剖面中提取異常波,并剖析了兩種方法的可行性和有效性。在異常波偏移成像研究中,對(duì)疊前時(shí)間偏移重要參數(shù)(偏移孔徑、偏移角度)進(jìn)行了探究;重點(diǎn)開展了異常波成像速度建模研究,采用反射波速度掃描與成像速度分析相結(jié)合的方式獲得初始速度模型,并進(jìn)一步通過(guò)異常波同相軸拉平、精細(xì)拾取速度等手段建立異常波疊前時(shí)間偏移速度模型;建立了疊前異常波成像處理流程,通過(guò)數(shù)值模型的處理,驗(yàn)證了Kirchhoff疊前時(shí)間偏移成像處理的可行性。并進(jìn)一步是處理了一套發(fā)育有異常波的2D實(shí)際地震資料,獲得了比傳統(tǒng)反射波法更加豐富的異常地質(zhì)信息。通過(guò)反射成像與異常波成像結(jié)果聯(lián)合使用,可充分利用地震波攜帶的信息,達(dá)到精細(xì)解決地質(zhì)問題的目的。
[Abstract]:When there are complex structures in the ground, such as the existence of pinnacle, section, hole, etc., a kind of abnormal wave (such as cross-section wave, diffraction wave, etc.) appears on the seismic record, which is caused by the complicated geological structure. It is an effective wave to understand underground anomaly information. However, the existing imaging techniques are to image the abnormal wave and the reflected wave at the same time. The result is that the resolution of the seismic imaging is reduced, and the geological information carried by the abnormal wave is not used effectively. Therefore, in order to make full use of this kind of anomalous wave to solve complex geological problems, this paper, based on the theory of anomalous wave exploration, studies the seismic abnormal wave imaging technology, the purpose of which is to extract the anomalous wave and image it separately. The aim of solving geological problems in detail is realized. Based on the deep analysis of the causes, propagation rules and seismic response characteristics of abnormal waves, this paper focuses on the research work of abnormal wave extraction, imaging velocity modeling and migration imaging with the aid of two sets of geological models. In the research of anomaly wave extraction, median filter and mean filter are realized to extract abnormal wave in common shot point gather, common offset gather and common center point stack profile. The feasibility and effectiveness of the two methods are analyzed. In the study of anomalous wave migration, the important parameters of prestack time migration (migration aperture, migration angle) are explored, and the modeling of abnormal wave imaging velocity is emphasized. The initial velocity model is obtained by the combination of reflection wave velocity scanning and imaging velocity analysis, and the anomalous wave prestack time migration velocity model is further established by leveling the anomalous wave cophase axis and fine picking up velocity. The prestack anomalous wave imaging process is established, and the feasibility of Kirchhoff prestack time migration imaging processing is verified by numerical model processing. Furthermore, a set of 2D actual seismic data with abnormal waves is processed and more abundant abnormal geological information is obtained than the traditional reflection wave method. Through the combination of reflection imaging and abnormal wave imaging results, the information carried by seismic waves can be fully utilized, and the geological problems can be solved finely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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