工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬方法研究與應(yīng)用
本文關(guān)鍵詞:工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬方法研究與應(yīng)用,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
摘要】 工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害是人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展中面臨的一個(gè)巨大挑戰(zhàn)。近10年來,我國因地質(zhì)災(zāi)害而造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失每年超過2800億元,巨大的災(zāi)害不僅直接造成了人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失,而且沖擊了社會(huì)發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)事業(yè)。只有對(duì)工程地質(zhì)進(jìn)行科學(xué)地評(píng)價(jià),正確掌握工程地質(zhì)環(huán)境這一自然因素,才能采取相應(yīng)的措施來避免或減少地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生。因此如何對(duì)工程地質(zhì)進(jìn)行科學(xué)、高效地評(píng)價(jià)直接影響到未來地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的狀況及其后果,它關(guān)系到我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展,構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)戰(zhàn)略的成敗,也是一個(gè)國家綜合國力的體現(xiàn)。工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)向來是影響城市規(guī)劃和市政工程建設(shè)的最為重要的自然因素,經(jīng)過過去幾十年的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)形成了工程地質(zhì)方面各個(gè)指標(biāo)的一些評(píng)價(jià)方法,近年來,已臻于成熟的GIS技術(shù),在社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,在工程地質(zhì)領(lǐng)域也開始發(fā)揮其作用。20世紀(jì)末到本世紀(jì)初,我國部分大城市中已初步建立了基于GIS的工程地質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫,這些數(shù)據(jù)庫大多服務(wù)于巖土工程勘察專業(yè)的管理、生產(chǎn)與研究等,還沒有開始應(yīng)用于工程地質(zhì)的評(píng)價(jià)與研究領(lǐng)域。本文針對(duì)這一空白,研究如何構(gòu)建基于GIS平臺(tái)的工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的空間模擬方法。本文主要內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于:首先,收集了青島市大量工程地質(zhì)資料,做了大量的基礎(chǔ)工作,引入了層序的概念,以青島市內(nèi)七區(qū)(范圍陸域1316.27km2、膠州灣374.40 km2)為例,對(duì)工程地質(zhì)進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層序化。為青島市工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)和工程地質(zhì)資料的處理建立了數(shù)據(jù)提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二,在層序化地質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)實(shí)際需求,確定了城市主要工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的評(píng)價(jià)分析方法,以這些方法為依據(jù)編制了相應(yīng)的計(jì)算模型并嵌入到工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬系統(tǒng)中。形成了城市工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬信息管理系統(tǒng)。為我國工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)建立了計(jì)算機(jī)智能化的空間數(shù)據(jù)模擬平臺(tái)。第三,以科學(xué)規(guī)劃和土地資源充分利用為目標(biāo),在GIS技術(shù)的支持下,對(duì)城市工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析和研究,建立防止工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的決策優(yōu)化模型,努力避免或減少城市各種潛在災(zāi)害的發(fā)生和影響,避免存在城市災(zāi)害地區(qū)給各種工程活動(dòng)帶來的昂貴的處理費(fèi)用和巨額附加費(fèi)用。本文以青島市7區(qū)為例,建立了青島市工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬信息管理系統(tǒng)。說明了上述方法和系統(tǒng)的示范性。 更多還原
【Abstract】 Engineering geological disaster is a huge challenge for human continual development. In the recent decade, our country has lost beyond 280 billion Yuan due to the suffering and damage of the geological disaster, which not only led to the vital and wealth loss and also the retrograde related social undertaking. We can take countermeasures to avoid or reduce the geological disaster, if only we are conscious about the geological environment got from the scientific evaluation of the engineering geology. Therefore it is the vital factor for the control of the situation and the outcome of engineering geological disaster to have a scientific and efficient evaluation of the engineering geology, which also affects the comprehensive power of our nation.As a key factor for the city planning and civil engineering construction, the engineering evaluation has formed a serious of evaluation methods gradually. At the same time, the GIS technology has expanded and been used in many fields, such as civil construction, economy and military with the full-scale development of GIS itself. During the last decade, most cities of our country have constructed the engineering database which server for the management and research of the
geotechnical engineering reconnaissance results, but these database have not been applied in the field of the evaluation and research for the geological engineering. This paper just aims at filling this blankness, that is, focuses on the researching of how to build the special evaluation method of the
engineering geology based on the GIS platform.The research contents and the innovations of this paper are listed as below:Firstly, this paper first introduces the conception of the Standardized Divisory
Stratums (SDS). Lots of basic works, such as collection of amounts of engineering geological information and the common evaluative results analysis, are needed for the construction of the SDS. This paper takes the Qingdao city as a example and collects the geological data of the seven districts of Qingdao (1316.27km2 in land, 374.40 km2 in Jiaozhou Bay). According to the analysis of these data samples, the SDS is settled down according to different stratums characters. The SDS is necessary for the data abstraction and automatic input for the system database.Secondly, based on the SDS, the city main engineering geological disaster evaluation methods are developed, added of the practical needs. The
accordant calculation model are developed and then embedded in the spatial engineering geological evaluation system to form the entire SDSS. It is available to input and analysis and evaluate the
engineering data automatically under utilization of the implement of this system.Thirdly, this paper aims at building the countermeasure optimized model to prevent the engineering construction from geological disaster damage, or try to avoid the place, where the geological disasters tend to happen, to reduce the expensive expense needed for counteracting the dangerous geological situation, added the utilization of the GIS spatial implements.Taking the seven districts as example, this paper finally builds the
engineering geological evaluation spatial simulation information system to show the applicability of these methods, models mentioned above. 更多還原
【關(guān)鍵詞】 工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害; 評(píng)價(jià)方法; GIS; 系統(tǒng)開發(fā);
【Key words】 Engineering geology disaster; Evaluation method; GIS; System development;
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本文關(guān)鍵詞:工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)空間模擬方法研究與應(yīng)用,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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