本文選題：火電廠 + 地基沉降預(yù)測��； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：盡管順應(yīng)社會進步的要求,火電廠正逐步被其他新興發(fā)電方式所取代,但是在當(dāng)今社會的能源結(jié)構(gòu)中,火電廠仍然占有重要地位。由于各電廠地質(zhì)條件的不同,建筑物沉降量也各不相同,同一建(構(gòu))筑物的不同觀測點也會因荷載不同而產(chǎn)生不均勻的沉降,電廠建(構(gòu))筑物的不均勻沉降會導(dǎo)致電廠設(shè)備運行條件惡化、工作效率降低,甚至危及人民生命財產(chǎn)安全,因此,對電廠從建造到運行的整個過程的沉降變形進行觀測是非常有必要的。這樣,可以準確、及時地安排合理的施工程序和進度、預(yù)測建筑物地基的最終沉降量,保證電廠正常安全有效地運行。傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用固結(jié)理論計算地基沉降的方法,由于假設(shè)多且不合理、求解困難等多種因素限制,而使得沉降的計算值與理論值差異較大。為了使沉降預(yù)測值較為符合實際情況,技術(shù)人員一直在努力探討合理的地基沉降預(yù)測方法。在長期的工程實踐中人們逐漸認識到沉降曲線的變化是存在一定規(guī)律的,即與某些人們所熟知的曲線類型變化規(guī)律相同,據(jù)此,依據(jù)前期沉降觀測數(shù)據(jù)的變化規(guī)律來預(yù)測沉降曲線未來的走勢成為了可能。雙曲線法的理論基礎(chǔ)是根據(jù)大量實測數(shù)據(jù)總結(jié)出來的經(jīng)驗公式,作為一種基于實測數(shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測地基沉降的方法,雙曲線法具有待定參數(shù)較少且容易確定、計算誤差相對較小、表示沉降發(fā)展規(guī)律與很多實際工程相符合等優(yōu)點,因此得到廣泛的應(yīng)用,三點法的理論基礎(chǔ)是一維固結(jié)理論,當(dāng)點的選取合適時預(yù)測結(jié)果也較為理想,修正指數(shù)曲線法在指數(shù)曲線法的基礎(chǔ)上得到改進,對觀測數(shù)據(jù)有更好的適應(yīng)性,使用范圍較為廣泛。本文以某電廠為工程背景,選用火力發(fā)電廠建(構(gòu))筑物基礎(chǔ)沉降預(yù)測軟件系統(tǒng)中的雙曲線法、三點法、修正指數(shù)曲線法等擬合方法,利用沉降觀測資料對該電廠部分建(構(gòu))筑物地基最終沉降量做了預(yù)測,并結(jié)合工程的觀測數(shù)據(jù)進行了對比分析,預(yù)測效果較為理想,可以為類似的工程提供指導(dǎo)。在實際擬合時發(fā)現(xiàn),對于雙曲線擬合法來說,選取不同的擬合起始點,即S0和t0,會導(dǎo)致地基沉降預(yù)測的最終沉降量有較大區(qū)別,因此如果能選取合適的S0和t0至關(guān)重要。三點法和修正指數(shù)曲線法擬合效果也較好,對于后期地基沉降預(yù)測與雙曲線法的預(yù)測結(jié)果相比較為保守,預(yù)測結(jié)果也能達到滿意效果。
[Abstract]:Although thermal power plants are gradually being replaced by other new power generation methods in accordance with the requirements of social progress, thermal power plants still occupy an important position in the energy structure of today's society. Because of the different geological conditions of each power plant, the settlement of the building is different, and the different observation points of the same building (construction) will also produce uneven settlement due to the different loads. The uneven settlement of building materials in power plant will lead to the deterioration of operation conditions of power plant equipment, the decrease of working efficiency and even the endangering of the safety of people's life and property. It is necessary to observe the settlement and deformation of power plant from construction to operation. In this way, the reasonable construction procedure and schedule can be arranged accurately and timely, the final settlement of the building foundation can be predicted, and the normal, safe and effective operation of the power plant can be ensured. The traditional method of calculating foundation settlement by consolidation theory is different from the theoretical value because of many assumptions and unreasonable assumptions and many other factors such as difficulty in solving the settlement. In order to make the settlement prediction value more in line with the actual situation, technicians have been trying to explore a reasonable foundation settlement prediction method. In the long-term engineering practice, people have gradually realized that there are certain laws in the variation of settlement curve, that is, the change law is the same as that of some familiar curve types. It is possible to predict the future trend of the settlement curve based on the variation of the observed data. The theoretical basis of hyperbolic method is the empirical formula summarized from a large number of measured data. As a method of predicting foundation settlement based on measured data, hyperbolic method has less parameters to be determined and easy to determine, and the calculation error is relatively small. The theory of three-point method is based on one-dimensional consolidation theory, and the prediction result is ideal when the selection of points is suitable. The modified exponential curve method is improved on the basis of exponential curve method, which has better adaptability to observation data and is widely used. In this paper, based on the engineering background of a power plant, hyperbolic method, three-point method, modified exponential curve method and other fitting methods are used in the software system of building (construction) foundation settlement prediction in thermal power plant. Based on the settlement observation data, the final settlement of part of the building in the power plant is forecasted, and compared with the observation data of the project. The result of the prediction is satisfactory and can provide guidance for similar projects. In the actual fitting, it is found that for hyperbolic fitting, choosing different fitting starting points, that is, S _ 0 and t _ 0, will lead to great difference in the final settlement of foundation settlement prediction, so it is very important to select suitable S _ 0 and t _ 0. The results of three-point method and modified exponential curve method are also good, and the prediction results are more conservative than that of hyperbolic method, and the prediction results can reach satisfactory results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU433

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