本文選題：地震動(dòng)衰減關(guān)系 + 測(cè)震數(shù)據(jù)　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震動(dòng)衰減關(guān)系是工程地震研究的一個(gè)重要課題,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者一直很關(guān)注。和世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家和地區(qū)一樣,我國(guó)積累的強(qiáng)地震動(dòng)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)性衰減關(guān)系的統(tǒng)計(jì),尚不夠充分。基于地震學(xué)的地震動(dòng)衰減關(guān)系,借助地震學(xué)理論建立起來的計(jì)算點(diǎn)源引起的地表地震動(dòng)傅里葉幅值譜計(jì)算公式,區(qū)域參數(shù)可以提供地震監(jiān)測(cè)臺(tái)網(wǎng)小地震測(cè)震數(shù)據(jù)反演,是一條可以指望發(fā)展方向,已經(jīng)取得了引人注目的成果。為進(jìn)一步深入研究基于地震學(xué)的地震動(dòng)衰減關(guān)系,本文收集、整理了川滇地區(qū)4.5級(jí)及以上的共計(jì)1303條強(qiáng)地震動(dòng)記錄,通過圖、表的直觀分析,指出兩地強(qiáng)地震動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)近場(chǎng)的少、大地震的少,PGA小的多、大的少,不足以統(tǒng)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)性衰減關(guān)系,只宜用來對(duì)衰減關(guān)系做比較檢驗(yàn)。本文以數(shù)字地震監(jiān)測(cè)臺(tái)網(wǎng)的小震記錄為基礎(chǔ),矩震級(jí)均在3.5至4.5級(jí)之間,包括四川82次地震的147條記錄,云南154次地震的863條記錄,震級(jí)在3.6至4.3之間分布較均勻,距離在50km至300km之間分布亦比較均勻。文中反演采用微遺傳算法,其本質(zhì)是尋優(yōu)搜索的過程。正演采用地震學(xué)中點(diǎn)源引起的地表一點(diǎn)地震動(dòng)傅里葉幅值譜傅氏譜的計(jì)算式,其中不能直接測(cè)量、有待反演的參數(shù),包括震源譜中的應(yīng)力降Δσ、品質(zhì)因子Q中的Q0和?以及幾何衰減項(xiàng)的兩個(gè)距離分段點(diǎn)1R和2R等五個(gè)參數(shù)。計(jì)算式估計(jì)的傅里葉幅值譜是光滑的曲線,實(shí)際記錄經(jīng)FFT獲得的譜曲線在顯現(xiàn)總體漲落起伏特征外還有劇烈振蕩是一個(gè)矛盾的問題。從觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算的傅里葉幅值譜中提取體現(xiàn)譜曲線總體走勢(shì)、貼近平均譜幅值的光滑目標(biāo)曲線對(duì)反演穩(wěn)定性很重要。以前采用傅里葉幅值譜包絡(luò)函數(shù)可以抑制劇烈振蕩可能帶來反演不穩(wěn)定的問題,但是會(huì)在實(shí)質(zhì)上提高譜幅值的總體水平,可能導(dǎo)致建立的衰減關(guān)系估計(jì)地震動(dòng)偏高。本文探討兩種表達(dá)傅立葉幅值譜平均特征的曲線,滑動(dòng)平均曲線和周期圖曲線,通過光滑效果的比較,選取了滑動(dòng)平均曲線作為反演的目標(biāo)曲線。歸納區(qū)域已有研究成果,適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大,選定了上述五個(gè)參數(shù)可能的取值范圍。以滑動(dòng)平均得到的目標(biāo)曲線構(gòu)造反演的目標(biāo)函數(shù),得出兩個(gè)地區(qū)各一組參數(shù)值。與采用幅值譜包絡(luò)線為目標(biāo)曲線反演的參數(shù)值相比,數(shù)值差別不是很大,會(huì)在一定程度上導(dǎo)致幾何衰減略加快,非彈性衰減有所減慢,強(qiáng)烈地震近距離處估計(jì)的地震動(dòng)幅值減小。據(jù)反演參數(shù)建立了川、滇兩地的地震動(dòng)PGA衰減關(guān)系,給出了衰減曲線和用二維表格給出的(部分)數(shù)值。與區(qū)域有限的實(shí)際觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)比較,表明本文的PGA衰減結(jié)果都能通過觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)叢,7級(jí)的估計(jì)更接近觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。受非彈性衰減減慢的效應(yīng)影響,幾何衰減表現(xiàn)的地殼波導(dǎo)效應(yīng)被明顯削弱。與區(qū)域常用的PGA衰減關(guān)系比較,本文的結(jié)果總體居中。定量的誤差項(xiàng)值總體偏大,隨著距離增大,誤差值有增大的趨勢(shì)。本文的改進(jìn)主要表現(xiàn)在對(duì)大地震地震動(dòng)估計(jì)的改善上,四川7級(jí)地震的誤差項(xiàng)均值大大減小,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差也有所減小,云南7級(jí)的誤差項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差減小明顯。與隨機(jī)振動(dòng)理論簡(jiǎn)化方法結(jié)果的比較,表明其簡(jiǎn)化會(huì)導(dǎo)致一定的低估,差別隨震級(jí)的增加而增大,7級(jí)的差別可以達(dá)到兩三倍。所采用的隨機(jī)振動(dòng)理論中譜矩和峰值因子均是建立在平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)過程基礎(chǔ)上的,與地震動(dòng)的強(qiáng)烈非平穩(wěn)性相差很大,是低估的主要原因。最后,總結(jié)了本文的主要工作進(jìn)展,也展望了有待進(jìn)一步深入研究的三個(gè)問題。
[Abstract]:Seismic dynamic attenuation relationship is an important subject in engineering earthquake research, and scholars at home and abroad have been very concerned. Like most countries and regions in the world, statistics on the relative empirical attenuation relation of strong ground motion data accumulated in China are not sufficient. The calculation formula of the dynamic Fourier amplitude spectrum of the ground surface earthquake caused by the calculated point source is obtained. The regional parameters can provide the seismic data inversion of the seismic monitoring network with small earthquakes. It is a direction of development and has achieved remarkable results. A total of 1303 strong ground motion records of 4.5 and above in the Sichuan and Yunnan areas are recorded. Through the visual analysis of the chart and the table, it is pointed out that the near field of strong ground motion data in the two places is few, the large earthquakes are few, the PGA is small, and the large few are small enough to be used to compare the empirical attenuation relations. Based on seismic record, the moment magnitude is between 3.5 and 4.5 levels, including 147 records of 82 earthquakes in Sichuan, 863 records of 154 earthquakes in Yunnan, the distribution of the magnitude between 3.6 and 4.3 is more uniform and the distance between 50km and 300km is more uniform. The Fourier spectrum of a point ground motion caused by a point source in seismology is calculated, which can not be measured directly. The parameters to be retrieved, including the stress drop in the source spectrum, the Q0 in the quality factor Q and the five parameters of the two distance segments 1R and 2R of the geometric attenuation term, are calculated. A smooth curve, the actual recording of the spectral curves obtained by FFT is a contradictory problem in showing the fluctuation characteristics of the overall fluctuation. The general trend of the spectral curve is extracted from the Fourier amplitude spectrum calculated from the observed data. The smooth target curve close to the average spectral amplitude is very important for the inversion stability. Fu Li was used before. The spectral envelope function of the leaf amplitude can suppress the problem that the violent oscillation may bring the inversion instability, but it will substantially increase the overall level of the spectral amplitude, which may lead to the established attenuation relationship to estimate the ground motion. This paper discusses two kinds of curves, the sliding mean curve and the periodic graph, which express the Fu Liye amplitude spectrum. The sliding average curve is selected as the target curve of the inversion. The existing research results are summed up in the region. The range of the possible value of the above five parameters is selected. The target function of the target curve obtained by the sliding average is constructed, and the parameters of each group of two regions are obtained. Compared with the parameter values of the target curve, the numerical difference is not very large, and the geometric attenuation is slightly quicker, the inelastic attenuation is slowed down to some extent, and the seismic amplitude of the strong earthquake near the near distance is reduced. According to the inversion parameters, the seismic dynamic PGA attenuation relation of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces is established, and the attenuation curve and the two dimensional table are given. The (part) value given by the lattice is compared with the actual observed data from the limited area. It shows that the PGA attenuation results in this paper can all pass through the observation data cluster, and the estimation of the 7 level is closer to the observation data point. The effect of the inelastic attenuation reduction on the geometric attenuation performance of the crustal waveguide effect is obviously weakened. The relation to the PGA attenuation relationship commonly used in the region is compared. Compared with the overall results of this paper, the quantitative error value is generally large, and the error value increases with the increase of distance. The improvement of this paper is mainly shown in the improvement of the earthquake ground motion estimation. The mean value of the error term of the Sichuan 7 magnitude earthquake is greatly reduced, the standard deviation is also reduced, and the standard deviation of the error term of the 7 level is reduced obviously. Compared with the results of the random vibration theory, it is shown that the simplification results in a certain underestimation, the difference increases with the increase of the magnitude, and the difference of the 7 level can reach two or three times. The spectral moments and the peak factors in the random vibration theory are based on the stationary random Guo Chengji, and the difference from the strong non-stationary of the ground motion. At last, the main progress of this paper is summarized, and three problems that need further study are also looked forward to.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.9

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本文編號(hào)：1893526