本文選題：高分辨率 + 層Q反演�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：為有效提高地震信號的分辨率并充分挖掘地震信號中各種頻率成分所包含的振幅、頻率及相位信息,從而用于高分辨率的含油氣性預(yù)測和高精度的地質(zhì)體刻畫,最終實現(xiàn)高精度的儲層結(jié)構(gòu)分析,本論文研究了高分辨率地震資料處理方法,研究工作主要包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)通過對零井源距VSP資料的監(jiān)控子波和下行直達波的振幅譜分析,給出了零井源距VSP資料下行直達波振幅譜的表達式,并在此表達式的基礎(chǔ)上提出了用于穩(wěn)定的層Q值反演的振幅譜多項式擬合法和振幅譜比值多項式擬合法。(2)基于地震數(shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)范圍、反Q濾波振幅補償?shù)脑鲆嫦�、反Q濾波振幅補償函數(shù)和地層品質(zhì)因子,提出一種用于反Q濾波振幅補償?shù)腝值自適應(yīng)優(yōu)化方法,只要將增益限和與之對應(yīng)的優(yōu)化的Q值及反Q濾波振幅補償函數(shù)同時使用,就可恢復(fù)地震波有效頻帶范圍內(nèi)的能量,提高各時刻地震記錄的分辨率,最終獲得高分辨率和高信噪比的地震數(shù)據(jù)。(3)基于地震數(shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)范圍,提出了一種自適應(yīng)增益限的穩(wěn)定因子法反Q濾波振幅補償方法;該方法中,反Q濾波振幅補償函數(shù)的增益限自適應(yīng)于地震數(shù)據(jù)有效頻帶的截止頻率,且穩(wěn)定因子與自適應(yīng)增益限的平方成反比;因此,該方法可完全恢復(fù)有效頻帶范圍內(nèi)地震信號的能量,并較好的控制反Q濾波振幅補償?shù)臄?shù)值非穩(wěn)定性問題和吉普斯效應(yīng),最終獲得高分辨率和高信噪比的地震記錄。(4)結(jié)合廣義S變換和小波變換的特性,提出了改進的廣義S變換(IGST,Improved Generalized S Transform),并被用于油氣預(yù)測。IGST可獲得信號的高精度的時頻瞬時振幅譜、時頻瞬時相位譜及時頻初始相位譜;IGST不僅可使信號的高頻成分的時頻瞬時振幅譜、時頻瞬時相位譜及時頻初始相位譜具有較高的時間分辨率,也可使信號的低頻成分的時頻瞬時振幅譜、時頻瞬時相位譜及時頻初始相位譜具有較高的時間分辨率。(5)基于IGST的時頻瞬時振幅譜、時頻瞬時相位譜和時頻初始相位譜,提出了一種具有較高分辨率的屬性,即時間相位域振幅譜,并用于邊緣檢測。
[Abstract]:In order to effectively improve the resolution of seismic signal and fully excavate the amplitude, frequency and phase information contained in various frequency components of seismic signal, it can be used for high-resolution oil-gas-bearing prediction and high-precision geological description. Finally, high precision reservoir structure analysis is realized. In this paper, the processing method of high resolution seismic data is studied. The research work mainly includes the following contents: 1) the amplitude spectrum analysis of monitoring wavelet and downlink direct wave of zero-well source-distance VSP data is carried out. The expression of amplitude spectrum of downlink direct wave in zero-well source-distance VSP data is given. Based on this expression, the amplitude spectrum polynomial fitting method and amplitude spectral ratio polynomial fitting method for stable layer Q value inversion are proposed. The gain limit of amplitude compensation by inverse Q filter is proposed based on the dynamic range of seismic data. In this paper, an adaptive Q-value optimization method for amplitude compensation of inverse Q filter is proposed by using the amplitude compensation function of inverse Q filter and formation quality factor. The gain limit is combined with the corresponding optimized Q value and the amplitude compensation function of inverse Q filter. In order to recover the energy in the effective frequency band of seismic wave and improve the resolution of seismic records at every moment, the seismic data with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained finally based on the dynamic range of seismic data. In this method, the gain limit of the amplitude compensation function of the inverse Q filter is adaptive to the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band of seismic data. The stability factor is inversely proportional to the square of the adaptive gain limit, so this method can completely recover the energy of the seismic signal in the effective frequency band, and better control the numerical instability problem of amplitude compensation of inverse Q filter and the Gyibug effect. Finally, seismic records with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio are obtained.) combined with the characteristics of generalized S transform and wavelet transform, an improved generalized S transform is proposed, which can be used to obtain high precision time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum of oil and gas prediction. The time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum IGST can not only make the time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum of the high-frequency component of the signal, but also the time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum has a higher time resolution. The time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum, time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum and time-frequency initial phase spectrum of the low frequency component of the signal can also be obtained, and the time-frequency instantaneous amplitude spectrum, the time-frequency instantaneous phase spectrum and the time-frequency initial phase spectrum based on IGST can be obtained. An attribute with high resolution, namely amplitude spectrum in time phase domain, is proposed and used for edge detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.4

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