本文選題：氦氣 + 成藏�。� 參考：《天然氣地球科學(xué)》2017年04期

【摘要】：殼源氦來(lái)自地質(zhì)體中鈾釷等氦源元素的放射性衰變,其生成速度極其緩慢,不存在集中的生氣高峰,相對(duì)常規(guī)油氣為典型的弱源氣。其常以甲烷或二氧化碳?xì)獠氐陌樯鷼猱a(chǎn)出,因稀有性而低豐度(0.1vol%)即可成礦,且成藏與地下水關(guān)系密切。為研究其弱源成藏機(jī)理,總結(jié)了前人關(guān)于氦氣、氮?dú)夂图淄楹嗬禂?shù)和溶解度的研究成果,以渭河盆地為例,通過(guò)模擬計(jì)算探討了亨利定律在氦氣運(yùn)移和成藏中的關(guān)鍵作用。根據(jù)亨利定律,稀溶液中氣體溶解度受控于氣體的分壓和亨利系數(shù)。與載體氣相比,氦氣的亨利系數(shù)高,且高低溫下相差較大,特別是在氦源巖和氣藏中的分壓差別顯著,造成兩處的溶解度差異顯著,使以溶解態(tài)運(yùn)移的弱源氦氣能夠脫溶成藏。綜合分析認(rèn)為:①氦氣在深部氦源巖處分壓大、溫度高,能溶解于水而運(yùn)出;②運(yùn)移至淺部遇到天然氣等載體氣藏時(shí),在氣水界面,氦氣分壓極低而脫溶進(jìn)入氣藏,載體氣則溶解進(jìn)入水中,好似載體氣將氦氣從水中"置換"出來(lái)。這種作用使氣藏附近形成溶解氦低濃度漏斗,水溶氦不斷向氣藏附近遷移而進(jìn)入氣藏,大大提高了氦氣運(yùn)聚系數(shù);③氦氣進(jìn)入氣藏后,由于蓋層中氦氣分壓低而難溶于水,不易擴(kuò)散,利于保存。研究結(jié)果明確了氦氣在氦源巖"運(yùn)得出"、遇氣藏"脫得出"、進(jìn)氣藏"保得住"的高運(yùn)聚系數(shù)富集機(jī)制,為氦氣資源勘查提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Crustal helium comes from radioactive decay of helium source elements such as uranium and thorium in geological bodies. The rate of formation is extremely slow and there is no concentrated gas peak. Compared with conventional oil and gas, it is a typical weak source gas. It is usually produced by associated gas of methane or carbon dioxide gas reservoirs, and is low in abundance (0.1volr) because of rarity), and the accumulation is closely related to groundwater. In order to study the mechanism of weak source reservoir formation, the previous research results on Henry's coefficient and solubility of helium, nitrogen and methane are summarized. Taking the Weihe Basin as an example, the key role of Henry's law in helium migration and accumulation is discussed through simulation calculation. According to Henry's law, the solubility of gas in dilute solution is controlled by the partial pressure of gas and Henry's coefficient. Compared with carrier gas, the Henry coefficient of helium gas is higher, and the difference between high and low temperature is great, especially the difference of partial pressure in helium source rock and gas reservoir is obvious, which results in the significant difference of solubility between the two places, which makes the weak source helium gas transported in dissolved state can be dissolved into reservoir. The comprehensive analysis shows that the ratio 1 helium gas in the deep helium source rock has a high disposal pressure and high temperature, and can dissolve in water and migrate out of the gas reservoir to the shallow gas carrier gas reservoir, and at the gas-water interface, the helium partial pressure is very low and the desolation enters the gas reservoir. Carrier gas dissolved into the water, like carrier gas from the helium gas out of the water. This effect causes the formation of dissolved helium low concentration funnel near the gas reservoir and the continuous migration of water dissolved helium into the gas reservoir, which greatly increases the helium accumulation coefficient and the helium accumulation coefficient after entering the gas reservoir, which is difficult to dissolve in water due to the low helium content in the caprock. It is not easy to spread and is easy to preserve. The results show that the accumulation mechanism of high accumulation coefficient of helium gas in helium source rock, gas reservoir and reservoir is determined, which provides a theoretical basis for the exploration of helium gas resources.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局西安地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心;中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)地球科學(xué)與測(cè)繪工程學(xué)院;中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局資源評(píng)價(jià)部;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):41572131) 中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局礦產(chǎn)資源調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):121201011000150014)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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