本文選題：遙感影像 + 子像素偏移追蹤�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震是危害人類生產(chǎn)、生活的重大災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象,對(duì)于地震的研究是很有必要的。大地震地表破裂的觀測(cè)資料對(duì)于研究地震力學(xué)和斷層區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)都具有重要意義。斷層幾何結(jié)構(gòu)和相關(guān)滑移分布也是決定地震動(dòng)力學(xué)破裂過(guò)程的關(guān)鍵所在。利用地表形變位移場(chǎng)可以反演斷層的滑移分布,研究斷層結(jié)構(gòu)和斷層破裂狀態(tài)；同時(shí)也可以將地表位移場(chǎng)作為邊界條件,對(duì)地震斷裂運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行約束。因此對(duì)于研究地震動(dòng)力學(xué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō),獲取大地震同震位移場(chǎng)都是至關(guān)重要的科學(xué)問(wèn)題。本文在現(xiàn)有影像偏移追蹤算法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合強(qiáng)度互相關(guān)、雙線性插值和二維高斯回歸三種算法,提出了一種子像素影像偏移追蹤算法對(duì)地震同震位移場(chǎng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。我們將該算法利用C語(yǔ)言程序化,并將該算法應(yīng)用到實(shí)際地震中去,求取了2014年2月14日新疆于田地震和2013年9月24日巴基斯坦地震的同震形變偏移場(chǎng),并對(duì)所得位移場(chǎng)進(jìn)行掩膜、濾波、差分等后處理,得到準(zhǔn)確平滑的同震偏移場(chǎng)。2014年于田地震震中東側(cè)有兩個(gè)條帶存在左旋走滑趨勢(shì)的斷層,分別為北硝爾庫(kù)勒斷裂和阿什庫(kù)勒-硝爾庫(kù)勒斷裂,斷裂以左旋走滑為主,并帶有一定量的正滑分量,兩條斷裂長(zhǎng)約20km,整體走向約呈N60。E,最大偏移量可達(dá)到約1.5m,與其他研究者得到結(jié)果相一致；在震中南側(cè),余震主要分布區(qū)域也存在一條近南北向的弧形斷裂。2013年巴基斯坦地震地表破裂主要表現(xiàn)為左旋走滑的弧形破裂,平均滑移量6米,最大可達(dá)到10米,斷層西北側(cè)的滑移量明顯大于東南側(cè)的滑移量。并且給出了在該逆斷層發(fā)生走滑型地震的可能原因。本文得到的巴基斯坦地震同震形變位移場(chǎng)與前人的研究結(jié)果基本一致,精度可達(dá)到百分之三個(gè)像素水平。兩個(gè)實(shí)際地震中的應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明新發(fā)展的子像素影像偏移追蹤算法可以有效求取中強(qiáng)震的同震形變位移場(chǎng)。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is a major disaster phenomenon that endangers human production and life, so it is necessary to study earthquake. The observational data of surface rupture of large earthquakes are of great significance for studying seismic mechanics and regional structural properties of faults. The geometrical structure of faults and the relative slip distribution are also the key factors to determine the process of seismic dynamic rupture. The surface deformation displacement field can be used to invert the slip distribution of the fault and study the fault structure and fracture state, and the surface displacement field can be taken as the boundary condition to constrain the seismic fault movement. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the coseismic displacement field of large earthquakes for the study of seismic dynamics and kinematics. Based on the existing image migration tracking algorithms, combined with intensity cross-correlation, bilinear interpolation and two-dimensional Gao Si regression, a subpixel image migration tracking algorithm is proposed to monitor the seismic coseismic displacement field. We use C language to program the algorithm, and apply the algorithm to the actual earthquake, and obtain the coseismic deformation migration field of the Yutian earthquake in Xinjiang on February 14, 2014 and Pakistan earthquake on September 24, 2013. The obtained displacement field is processed by mask, filtering, difference and so on, and an accurate and smooth coearthquake migration field is obtained. There are two faults with left-lateral strike-slip trend in the east side of the 2014 Yutian earthquake epicenter. The faults are mainly left-lateral strike-slip faults with a certain amount of normal slip components, respectively, for the North Nielkul fault and the Ashkul-Nierkul fault, which are mainly left-lateral strike-slip faults. The length of the two faults is about 20 km, the whole strike is N60. 0. E, the maximum migration is about 1. 5 m, which is consistent with the results obtained by other researchers, in the south side of the epicenter, There is also an arc fault in the main distribution area of aftershocks. The surface rupture of the 2013 Pakistan earthquake mainly shows the arc rupture of left-lateral strike-slip, with an average slip of 6 meters and a maximum of 10 meters. The slip amount on the north and west side of the fault is obviously larger than that on the southeast side. The possible causes of strike-slip earthquakes on the thrust fault are also given. The displacement field of the earthquake coearthquake deformation obtained in this paper is basically consistent with the previous research results, and the accuracy can reach 3 percent. The application results of two practical earthquakes show that the newly developed subpixel image migration tracking algorithm can effectively obtain the coseismic deformation displacement field of moderate and strong earthquakes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.7

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉云華;單新建;屈春燕;宋小剛;張桂芳;;亞像素相位相關(guān)法在獲取汶川地震近場(chǎng)形變中的應(yīng)用[J];地震地質(zhì);2013年01期

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本文編號(hào)：1864218