本文選題：位山灌區(qū) + 人工示蹤試驗(yàn)��； 參考：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：灌區(qū)地下水系統(tǒng)屬于半自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng),由于人類活動(dòng)影響導(dǎo)致灌區(qū)的水循環(huán)更加復(fù)雜。隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,水資源供需矛盾日趨嚴(yán)重,同時(shí)對(duì)灌區(qū)地下水系統(tǒng)的補(bǔ)給、徑流、排泄等認(rèn)識(shí)不足和灌區(qū)地下水不合理的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,致使灌區(qū)地下水開(kāi)采條件不斷惡化、地面塌陷、微咸水和咸水入侵等次生災(zāi)害。因此研究灌區(qū)地下水影響因素及地下水系統(tǒng)演變規(guī)律,摸清位山灌區(qū)地下水時(shí)空補(bǔ)給特征,為灌區(qū)地下水資源和地表水資源科學(xué)合理開(kāi)發(fā)利用和調(diào)配以及灌區(qū)穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展和地下水環(huán)境保護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)。本文以黃河下游最大的引黃灌區(qū)、全國(guó)第五大灌區(qū)——位山灌區(qū)為研究對(duì)象。根據(jù)引黃灌區(qū)水文、地下水相關(guān)資料,采用極值法、灰色關(guān)聯(lián)法分析灌區(qū)淺層地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征和影響因素。利用人工同位素示蹤技術(shù)分析灌區(qū)淺層地下水補(bǔ)給影響因素和補(bǔ)給特征,并結(jié)合ArcGIS和Visual MODFLOW軟件耦合模擬位山灌區(qū)地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,揭示位山灌區(qū)淺層地下水補(bǔ)給時(shí)空分布特征。主要研究成果如下:(1)灌區(qū)淺層地下水位年際變化具有周期性波動(dòng),總體呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定、下降、抬升和穩(wěn)定的變化趨勢(shì),而年內(nèi)變化幅度較大。在空間上,灌區(qū)地下水位與地面高程變化具有一致性,即從南向東北逐漸降低,灌區(qū)南部和中部水位較高且穩(wěn)定,東北部區(qū)域水位較低且穩(wěn)定,西部和北部區(qū)域地下水埋深和變化幅度較大。由灰色關(guān)聯(lián)法分析知自然因素對(duì)灌區(qū)地下水影響比人為因素大,人為因素對(duì)地下水影響程度因地區(qū)而異,灌區(qū)上中游主要受地表水灌溉影響,而下游受地下水開(kāi)采影響程度較大,其中降水和地表水灌溉是灌區(qū)地下水補(bǔ)給主要因素。(2)基于地下水影響因素和人工示蹤試驗(yàn)分析可知,灌區(qū)大氣降水和地表水灌溉對(duì)地下水補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度均值為167.7mm/a,其中在有灌溉地區(qū)補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度為193.1mm/a;無(wú)灌溉地區(qū)補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度均值為104.4mm/a。在同一種植類型下,冬小麥~夏玉米在有無(wú)灌溉條件下大氣降水和地表水灌溉對(duì)地下水的補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度為198.6mm/a和110.7mm/a,而棉花在有無(wú)灌溉條件下大氣降水和地表水灌溉對(duì)地下水的補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度為138.3mm/a和85.5mm/a;灌區(qū)綜合入滲補(bǔ)給系數(shù)范圍為:13.70%~22.44%,均值為19.36%。(3)根據(jù)灌區(qū)水文地質(zhì)、地下水位等資料采用Visual MODFLOW軟件構(gòu)建位山灌區(qū)淺層地下水?dāng)?shù)值模型,采用模型對(duì)灌區(qū)進(jìn)行水量均衡模擬。結(jié)果表明目前位山灌區(qū)地下水補(bǔ)給量為103508.2×104m3,排泄總量為106743.8×104m3,二者之差為-3235.6×104m3,由此可知在模擬期內(nèi)位山灌區(qū)地下水系統(tǒng)處于負(fù)均衡狀態(tài)。模擬結(jié)果符合當(dāng)前灌區(qū)淺層地下水資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀。(4)通過(guò)分析2000~2014年和不同水文年的地下水量模擬結(jié)果可知:灌區(qū)地下水補(bǔ)給在時(shí)間上,降水和地表水灌溉對(duì)灌區(qū)淺層地下水的補(bǔ)給量具有減小趨勢(shì),其多年平均值為79104.5×104m3,下降速率為-402.68×104m3/a;灌區(qū)內(nèi)河流滲漏補(bǔ)給和含水層側(cè)向補(bǔ)給淺層地下水量的多年平均值分別為1638.8×104m3和107.5×104m3。在年內(nèi)各補(bǔ)給項(xiàng)對(duì)地下水的補(bǔ)給量分配不均,在汛期(6~9月)和灌溉期(3~5月和9~10月),占全年補(bǔ)給量的87.5%,在非汛期和非灌溉期如(1、2、11、和12月),占全年補(bǔ)給量的16.7%。在空間上,大氣降水和灌溉對(duì)灌區(qū)地下水年均補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度為166.5mm/a。其中灌區(qū)上游、中游和下游地區(qū)的大氣降水和地表水灌溉下滲補(bǔ)給地下水強(qiáng)度依次減少,各區(qū)域年平均值分別是185.6mm/a、166.2mm/a和147.1mm/a。根據(jù)位山灌區(qū)地下水補(bǔ)給特征,針對(duì)灌區(qū)水資源利用現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題提出相關(guān)建議以保證灌區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與地下水協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The groundwater system in the irrigation area belongs to the semi natural ecosystem. The water circulation of the irrigation area is more complicated because of the influence of human activities. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, the shortage of groundwater system, runoff, excretion and so on, and the irrational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in irrigation area have resulted in the irrigated area. The conditions of groundwater exploitation are deteriorating, ground subsidence, brackish water and salt water intrusion. Therefore, the influence factors of groundwater and the evolution law of groundwater system are studied, and the characteristics of groundwater recharge in the irrigation area are studied, and the rational exploitation, utilization and distribution of groundwater resources and surface water resources science in the irrigation area and the stability and health of the irrigation area are made. The development and the groundwater environment protection provide the theoretical basis. This paper takes the largest irrigation area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the fifth big irrigation area of the country as the research object. According to the hydrology and groundwater related data in the Yellow River irrigation area, the extreme value method is adopted and the grey correlation method is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics and influence factors of shallow groundwater in the irrigation area. Isotope tracer technique is used to analyze the influence factors and Recharge Characteristics of shallow groundwater recharge in irrigation area, and combine ArcGIS and Visual MODFLOW software to simulate the dynamic characteristics of groundwater dynamic changes in Yishan irrigation area, revealing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of shallow groundwater recharge in Yishan irrigation area. The main research results are as follows: (1) the interannual variation of shallow groundwater level in irrigation area is a new one. There are periodic fluctuations, generally showing stable, declining, uplifting and stable trends, and a larger change in the year. In space, the groundwater level in the irrigation area is consistent with the ground elevation change, which is gradually decreasing from the south to the northeast, the water level in the southern and central regions of the irrigation area is high and stable, and the water level in the northeast region is low and stable, in the West and in the north. The influence of natural factors on groundwater is larger than that of human factors, and the influence degree of artificial factors on groundwater varies from area to area. The middle reaches of the irrigation area are mainly influenced by surface water irrigation, and the lower reaches of the lower reaches are affected by the groundwater exploitation, in which the precipitation and surface water are irrigated. It is the main factor of groundwater recharge in the irrigation area. (2) based on the analysis of the influence factors of groundwater and the manual tracer test, it is found that the mean value of the groundwater recharge intensity in the irrigation area and the surface water irrigation is 167.7mm/a, of which the recharge intensity is 193.1mm/a in the irrigated area, and the mean value of the recharge intensity in the non irrigated area is 104.4mm/a. under the same planting type. The recharge intensity of winter wheat to summer maize under irrigated conditions is 198.6mm/a and 110.7mm/a for groundwater, and the strength of the recharge of cotton under irrigation conditions is 138.3mm/a and 85.5mm/a, and the coefficient range of integrated infiltration and replenishment coefficient is 13.70%~22.44%. The value is 19.36%. (3) (3) based on the hydrogeology of the irrigation area and the data of the groundwater level by using the Visual MODFLOW software to construct the numerical model of shallow groundwater in the Yishan irrigation area. The model is used to simulate the water balance in the irrigation area. The results show that the groundwater recharge is 103508.2 x 104m3, the total excretion is 106743.8 * 104m3, and the difference between the two is -3235.. 6 * 104m3, it can be seen that the groundwater system in the Yishan irrigation area is in a negative equilibrium state during the simulation period. The simulation results conform to the current situation of the exploitation and utilization of shallow groundwater resources in the current irrigation area. (4) through the analysis of the groundwater flow simulation results in the years of 2000~2014 and different hydrological years, it is known that the groundwater recharge in the irrigation area is in time, the irrigation of the precipitation and the surface water is irrigated to the irrigation area. The recharge of shallow groundwater has a decreasing trend, its annual average value is 79104.5 x 104m3 and the decline rate is -402.68 x 104m3/a, and the annual mean value of river flow leakage recharge and shallow groundwater recharge of aquifers is 1638.8 x 104m3 and 107.5 x 104m3. respectively in the year. In the flood season (6~9 month) and irrigation period (3~5 month and 9~10 month), it accounts for 87.5% of the annual replenishment. In the non flood season and non irrigation period, such as (1,2,11, and December), accounting for 16.7%. of the annual recharge, the annual recharge intensity of atmospheric precipitation and irrigation is 166.5mm /a. in the upstream of the irrigation area, the atmospheric precipitation and the surface of the middle and downstream areas. In order to ensure the coordinated development of the social economy and underground water in the irrigation area, the annual average value of each region is 185.6mm/a, 166.2mm/a and 147.1mm/a., according to the characteristics of groundwater recharge in the Yishan irrigation area, respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641

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