本文選題：地震數(shù)據(jù) + 不規(guī)則采樣��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在地球物理地震勘探的實際數(shù)據(jù)采集中,由于工區(qū)地表環(huán)境(如河流,湖泊,山谷等)、地表障礙物(道路,橋梁等)以及禁采區(qū)的影響,檢波器的布置常常是不規(guī)則的。另外由于檢波器與地表耦合效果不好,環(huán)境干擾或者儀器自身的原因會產(chǎn)生一些廢道和廢炮,這些無用的地震道需要在處理過程中剔除。在海上地震勘探中,拖纜的羽狀漂移也使得其偏離所設(shè)計的規(guī)則網(wǎng)格位置。隨著地震勘探的不斷深入,采集到的數(shù)據(jù)量也越來越大,一方面我們希望得到密集采樣的數(shù)據(jù)以獲得更準(zhǔn)確的地下結(jié)構(gòu),另一方面考慮到勘探成本,需要在空間方向進(jìn)行稀疏采樣。因此我們得到的數(shù)據(jù)常常是稀疏和不規(guī)則的。在后續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)處理過程中,由于稀疏和不規(guī)則采樣會產(chǎn)生噪聲,并且會影響一些多道處理技術(shù),如疊加、波動方程偏移、多次波濾除和時移地震等,因此對地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行重建是非常關(guān)鍵和必要的。本文的研究內(nèi)容包括地震數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)則化和地震數(shù)據(jù)插值,都可稱為地震數(shù)據(jù)重建。但是前者處理后的數(shù)據(jù)的位置和實際采樣點的位置完全不同,相當(dāng)于在此工區(qū)重新設(shè)計了一套觀測系統(tǒng),重建后地震道數(shù)可以等于原始不規(guī)則采樣的地震道數(shù),也可以大于或小于不規(guī)則地震數(shù)據(jù)的道數(shù)。后者處理后的數(shù)據(jù)仍然包含實際資料所有的采樣位置和采集到的數(shù)據(jù),只是對空缺地震道進(jìn)行插值,重建后的地震道數(shù)一定大于非規(guī)則采樣的地震道數(shù)。在地震數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)則化處理中,研究了反泄露傅里葉變換,提出一種改進(jìn)措施,將其中非均勻離散傅里葉變換公式經(jīng)過簡單處理后,使用非均勻快速傅里葉變換,大大提高了計算效率。模型試驗證明了結(jié)合NFFT的反泄露傅里葉變換在規(guī)則化處理中的有效性。在地震數(shù)據(jù)插值中,研究了凸集投影法和迭代閾值法,對迭代閾值法提出改進(jìn)措施,即結(jié)合線性插值的迭代閾值法。模型試驗證明了本文所提出的方法比凸集投影法和迭代閾值法插值效果好。本文地震數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)則化和插值處理都是在FX域?qū)Σ糠诸l率成分進(jìn)行的,與TX域?qū)γ恳粋�時間成分進(jìn)行重建相比,大大減小了計算量,并且可提高重建準(zhǔn)確度。
[Abstract]:In the actual data acquisition of geophysical seismic exploration, the geophone arrangement is often irregular due to the influence of the surface environment (such as rivers, lakes, valleys, etc.), surface obstacles (roads, bridges, etc.) and no mining areas in the work area. In addition due to the poor coupling effect between geophone and surface environmental interference or the instrument itself will produce some abandoned tracks and guns which need to be eliminated in the process of processing. In offshore seismic exploration, the plume drift of towing cable also makes it deviate from the designed regular grid position. With the deepening of seismic exploration, the amount of data collected is becoming larger and larger. On the one hand, we want to obtain dense sampling data in order to obtain more accurate underground structure, on the other hand, considering the exploration cost, Sparse sampling is required in the spatial direction. So the data we get are often sparse and irregular. In the subsequent data processing process, the sparse and irregular sampling will produce noise, and will affect some multi-channel processing techniques, such as stack, wave equation migration, multiple wave filtering and time-lapse earthquakes, etc. Therefore, the reconstruction of seismic data is very important and necessary. The contents of this paper include regularization of seismic data and interpolation of seismic data, which can be called seismic data reconstruction. However, the position of the data processed by the former is completely different from that of the actual sampling points, which is equivalent to the redesign of a set of observation systems in this work area. After reconstruction, the number of seismic traces can be equal to the number of seismic traces of the original irregular sampling. It can also be greater than or less than the trace number of irregular seismic data. The processed data of the latter still contain all the sampling locations and collected data of the actual data, but only interpolate the vacant seismic traces, and the reconstructed seismic traces must be larger than the irregular sampling seismic traces. In the regularization of seismic data, the anti-leakage Fourier transform is studied, and an improved method is put forward, in which the non-uniform discrete Fourier transform formula is simply processed and the non-uniform fast Fourier transform is used. The calculation efficiency is greatly improved. The model tests show the effectiveness of the anti-leakage Fourier transform combined with NFFT in regularization. In the interpolation of seismic data, the projection method of convex set and the iterative threshold method are studied, and the improvement measures of iterative threshold method are put forward, that is, the iterative threshold method combined with linear interpolation. The model tests show that the proposed method is more effective than convex set projection method and iterative threshold method. In this paper, the regularization and interpolation of seismic data are carried out in FX domain. Compared with the reconstruction of each time component in TX domain, the computation is greatly reduced and the reconstruction accuracy is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.44

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