本文選題：ASTER數(shù)據(jù) + 烴類微滲漏��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前中國(guó)油氣在勘探開(kāi)采方面基本屬于中等成熟階段,據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),截至21世紀(jì)初期中國(guó)油氣可開(kāi)采資源探明率累計(jì)為43%,仍有57%的可開(kāi)采油氣資源尚未探明,但是在我國(guó)待探明油氣資源的70%以上分布在地形比較復(fù)雜的區(qū)域,例如黃土塬、沙漠和山地等區(qū)域,這不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致開(kāi)發(fā)勘探的難度非常大,而且在成本費(fèi)用和技術(shù)要求方面也要達(dá)到較高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此利用遙感技術(shù)作為直接或者輔助手段來(lái)進(jìn)行油氣勘探具有很大的必要性。目前利用TM、ASTER等多光譜數(shù)據(jù)的可見(jiàn)光近紅外波段進(jìn)行因烴類微滲漏引起的蝕變信息聚集區(qū)域的提取技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展的比較成熟,早在1976年戈茨就提出了利用短波紅外在1.6μm和2.21μm兩波譜帶之間的反射率值進(jìn)行比值運(yùn)算(1.6μm/2.2μm)可以最大限度得在遙感影像上針對(duì)蝕變巖石和未蝕變巖石聚集區(qū)進(jìn)行有效區(qū)分,隨后又逐步形成了一系列以PCA為基礎(chǔ)的蝕變信息綜合分析以及提取技術(shù),在烴類微滲漏蝕變信息綜合分析及提取方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。因?yàn)榛诓ǘ伪戎岛椭鞒煞址治鎏崛∥g變信息的方法比較單一,所以本文在用這兩種方法提取油氣異常的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)油氣藏上置地層中因烴類揮發(fā)或運(yùn)移等原因引起的地溫升高從而造成在遙感影像熱紅外范圍的波譜曲線發(fā)生異常,在研究區(qū)進(jìn)行了基于劈窗算法和多通道算法的溫度反演,得出了和油氣異常信息比較吻合的高溫異常區(qū)域,并利用USGS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)波譜庫(kù)和實(shí)測(cè)原油波譜對(duì)異常區(qū)域的樣品光譜曲線(尤其是2.2μm和2.33μm附近的雙吸收峰)進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)一步提高了烴類微滲漏蝕變信息提取的精度。最后,本文考慮到在利用ASTER數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行溫度反演時(shí)如果研究區(qū)處于植被高覆蓋區(qū),會(huì)因植被的蒸騰作用等因素導(dǎo)致在植被覆蓋區(qū)呈現(xiàn)低溫現(xiàn)象,從而掩蓋了由于烴類微滲漏引起的研究區(qū)上置地層的高溫異�，F(xiàn)象,不利于油氣異常信息的提取。通過(guò)查詢大量資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)TVDI(溫度植被干旱指數(shù))可以將溫度反演結(jié)果進(jìn)行歸一化,有效弱化植被的影響,使得TVDI在植被發(fā)育處比Ts有更好的分辨力,更好的體現(xiàn)裸露地表溫度的真實(shí)情況。
[Abstract]:At present, the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas in China is basically at a medium mature stage. According to incomplete statistics, by the beginning of the 21st century, the proven rate of recoverable oil and gas resources in China has accumulated 43, and 57% of the recoverable oil and gas resources have not yet been proved. However, more than 70% of the oil and gas resources to be discovered in China are distributed in areas with relatively complicated topography, such as loess plateau, desert and mountainous areas, which will not only lead to great difficulties in exploration and development. And in the cost of costs and technical requirements to reach a higher standard. Therefore, it is necessary to use remote sensing technology as a direct or auxiliary means for oil and gas exploration. At present, using the visible near infrared band of multi-spectral data such as TMGASTER to extract the alteration information gathering area caused by hydrocarbon microleakage has been developed more mature. As early as 1976, Goetz proposed that using the reflectivity of short wave infrared between 1.6 渭 m and 2.21 渭 m spectral bands to calculate the ratio of 1.6 渭 m / 2.2 渭 m) can be used to distinguish alteration and unaltered rock concentration areas in remote sensing images as far as possible. Subsequently, a series of comprehensive analysis and extraction techniques of alteration information based on PCA were gradually formed, which played an important role in the comprehensive analysis and extraction of alteration information of hydrocarbon microleakage. Because the method of extracting alteration information based on band ratio and principal component analysis is relatively simple, this paper uses these two methods to extract oil and gas anomalies. According to the rise of ground temperature caused by hydrocarbon volatilization or migration in the upper layer of oil and gas reservoir, which results in abnormal spectral curve in the thermal infrared range of remote sensing image, the temperature inversion based on split window algorithm and multi-channel algorithm is carried out in the study area. The high temperature anomaly region which is consistent with the oil and gas anomaly information is obtained. The sample spectral curves (especially the double absorption peaks near 2.2 渭 m and 2.33 渭 m) in the abnormal region are analyzed by using the USGS standard spectrum library and the measured crude oil spectrum. The accuracy of hydrocarbon microleakage alteration information extraction is further improved. Finally, this paper considers that if the study area is in the high vegetation cover area when using the ASTER data for temperature inversion, it will appear low temperature phenomenon in the vegetation cover area because of the transpiration of vegetation and other factors. Therefore, the phenomenon of high temperature anomaly in the upper layer of the study area caused by hydrocarbon microleakage is masked, which is not conducive to the extraction of abnormal information of oil and gas. By consulting a lot of data, it is found that TVDI( Temperature-vegetation drought Index) can normalize the result of temperature inversion, weaken the influence of vegetation, and make TVDI have better resolution than ts in vegetation development. Better reflect the true state of the exposed surface temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P627

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