本文選題：紅層巖溶 + 發(fā)育特征��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：四川盆地紅層巖溶廣泛發(fā)育。本文根據(jù)四川夾江某場地的工程、水文地質(zhì)勘察中所遇到的紅層巖溶(溶蝕孔洞)問題,研究其發(fā)育特征及對(duì)工程建設(shè)的影響。論文在對(duì)研究區(qū)自然地理、地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及水文地質(zhì)情況的分析基礎(chǔ)上展開。通過對(duì)巖石學(xué)性質(zhì)、形態(tài)大小、填充物質(zhì)的分析；對(duì)巖溶的空間分布規(guī)律的統(tǒng)計(jì),研究了巖溶發(fā)育特征；對(duì)含石膏鹽巖石的溶蝕速率實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,研究了巖溶溶蝕機(jī)理：通過水文地質(zhì)特征分析,研究了巖溶的形成作用特點(diǎn)；最后結(jié)合地下水滲流數(shù)值模擬,反演論證研究場區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育、溶蝕及水文地質(zhì)條件,得出了巖溶發(fā)育的工程影響。本次研究主要取得了以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)：(1)研究區(qū)位于揚(yáng)子準(zhǔn)地臺(tái)四川臺(tái)坳川西臺(tái)陷南部的白堊系灌口組紅層地區(qū),區(qū)域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造走向以北東向構(gòu)造體系為主,南安向斜和F2逆掩斷層是主要的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造。區(qū)域地形以構(gòu)造剝蝕為主,屬低山-丘陵地貌。在青衣江兩岸木城、南安附近,以河流堆積的一階地為主。早白堊系后期的燕山運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期形成的晚白堊系灌口組(K2g)地層為一套明顯的咸湖紅色河流相粉砂質(zhì)泥巖與泥質(zhì)粉砂巖色地層,該地層中發(fā)育有大量的石膏鹽。淺層風(fēng)化裂隙水是區(qū)域內(nèi)主要的地下水類型。場區(qū)西南側(cè)接受大氣降雨,中部是地下水的滲流區(qū),向大堰溪排泄。區(qū)內(nèi)滲流作用較強(qiáng)烈。地表水體不發(fā)育,大氣降雨為場區(qū)內(nèi)地下水主要補(bǔ)給源。區(qū)內(nèi)水化學(xué)陽離子以Ca2+離子為主,陰離子以HCO3-離子為主。(2)研究區(qū)內(nèi)紅層巖溶表現(xiàn)形式主要有石膏斑點(diǎn)、溶蝕孔洞(溶孔)和溶洞。溶孔是區(qū)內(nèi)最重要最典型的巖溶形態(tài),溶孔填充類型有硐壁結(jié)晶類填充、泥質(zhì)類填充、碎石類填充。因伴生發(fā)育條件的不同,溶孔又分為原生溶孔和構(gòu)造溶孔。場區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育形態(tài)以地下形態(tài)為主,有石膏斑點(diǎn)、溶孔、溶洞。依據(jù)發(fā)育類型、密集程度、危害程度,巖溶平面分布可分為三個(gè)區(qū)域。作為巖溶最主要物質(zhì)的石膏鹽,垂向分布方式有互層狀和脈沖狀。溶孔垂向分布有普遍性和集中性特征。初步分析場區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育形態(tài)和分布特征與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造和地下水滲流相關(guān)。但總體來說,發(fā)育程度有限。(3)石膏鹽(石膏、芒硝、鈣芒硝)是場區(qū)溶孔形成的重要物質(zhì),對(duì)巖溶容蝕機(jī)理的研究,即是對(duì)含石膏鹽巖巖石的溶蝕作用影響分析。巖石學(xué)成分分析方法有薄片鑒定法和化學(xué)分析法,初步分析認(rèn)為,粉砂質(zhì)泥巖和泥巖是場區(qū)內(nèi)含石膏鹽主要巖石,二者巖性的差異不是溶孔形成的主要因素。溶孔的發(fā)育形態(tài)與石膏鹽的溶蝕速率和溶蝕方式有關(guān),根據(jù)溶蝕速率實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)方案(靜水條件和流水條件,因本實(shí)驗(yàn)試塊等因素影響,流水實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果參考各相關(guān)資料)得出的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)比分析堿濃度、以及重量與溶蝕物質(zhì)含量的關(guān)系,以此反映巖石的溶蝕特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果認(rèn)為,地下水滲流在巖溶形成過程中起主要作用,含石膏鹽巖層溶蝕同時(shí)存在化學(xué)作用與物理作用兩種過程,二者相互影響。地下水滲流是巖體溶蝕的主要作用,其形成作用是對(duì)可溶巖的溶蝕結(jié)果和搬運(yùn)等潛蝕作用結(jié)果。(4)研究區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育導(dǎo)致巖體中除了常規(guī)構(gòu)造風(fēng)化作用產(chǎn)生的裂隙滲流通道,還有因溶孔形成的地下水滲流通道。壓水試驗(yàn)是獲取巖層水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)的有效途徑。針對(duì)現(xiàn)今環(huán)境中溶蝕裂隙發(fā)育情況下,運(yùn)用模型反演方法,通過對(duì)初始水位和各參數(shù)的校核,對(duì)場地地下水初始水流場進(jìn)行擬合。從模型方面論證場地紅層巖溶發(fā)育特征及溶蝕機(jī)理,檢驗(yàn)壓水試驗(yàn)的實(shí)際效果。除此之外,場地的三維數(shù)值模擬,還可對(duì)今后的防滲處理提供指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:The red layer karst of the Sichuan basin is widely developed. Based on the engineering of a site in Jiajiang, Sichuan, the problems of the red layer karst (dissolution hole) encountered in the hydrogeological survey are studied, and the characteristics of the development and the influence on the construction are studied. Through the analysis of the properties of petrology, the size and the filling material, the characteristics of karst development are studied by the statistics of the spatial distribution law of karst, and the dissolution rate of gypsum with salt rock is analyzed, and the karst erosion mechanism is studied. The formation function of karst is studied through the analysis of hydrogeological characteristics; finally, the combination of the karst is studied. The numerical simulation of water seepage is used to demonstrate the karst development, erosion and hydrogeological conditions in the study field, and the engineering influence of karst development is obtained. This study mainly obtains the following points: (1) the study area is located in the red layer area of the Cretaceous chalkiness formation in the south of the Sichuan Taiwan depression of the Yangzi quasi platform, and the regional geological structure is heading for the area. The Nanan syncline and the F2 overthrust fault are the main geological structures. The regional topography is dominated by structural denudation and is a Low Mountain hilly landform. In the wooden city on both sides of the Qingyi River and near Nanan, the main terrace is a terrace accumulated in the river. The late Cretaceous group (K2g) formation formed in the late Yanshan movement period of the early Cretaceous system is one of the first strata. A large amount of gypsum salt is developed in the red river facies silty mudstone and silty sandstone of salty lake. The shallow weathered fissure water is the main type of groundwater in the region. The southwest side of the field receives atmospheric rainfall, the middle part is the seepage area of the groundwater and excrete to the great weir stream. The seepage effect in the area is strong. The surface water body is stronger. No development, atmospheric rainfall is the main source of groundwater recharge in the field area. The main water chemical cations in the area are Ca2+ ions, and the main anions are HCO3- ions. (2) the main forms of red layer karst in the study area are gypsum spots, dissolution holes (dissolved pores) and karst caves. Wall crystal filling, muddy filling and gravel packing. Because of the difference of the associated development conditions, the dissolved pores are divided into primary dissolving holes and structural dissolving holes. The karst development form in the field area is mainly underground, with gypsum spots, dissolving holes and karst caves. According to the development type, the degree of density, the degree of hazard, and the karst plane distribution can be divided into three regions. The vertical distribution patterns of the main material are interbedded and pulsed. The vertical distribution of the dissolved pores is universal and concentrated. The preliminary analysis of the morphology and distribution of karst development in the field is related to the geological structure and groundwater seepage. But in general, the development degree is limited. (3) the gypsum salt (gypsum, mirabilite, Glauber's Glauber's Glauber's salt) is a field dissolution hole. The important substances formed in the study of the mechanism of karst erosion are the analysis of the effect of the dissolution of gypsum bearing rock and rock. The analysis methods of petrological composition are thin slice identification and chemical analysis. The preliminary analysis shows that the silty mudstone and mudstone are the main rock of gypsum salt in the field, and the difference of the two lithology is not the formation of dissolved pores. The main factors. The development form of the dissolved pore is related to the dissolution rate and dissolution mode of gypsum salt. According to the two experimental schemes designed by the experiment of the dissolution rate (hydrostatic and flowing water conditions, the experiment block and other factors, the results of the water experiment refer to the experimental data), the alkali concentration, the weight and dissolution are compared and analyzed. The relationship between the content of the material is reflected to reflect the dissolution characteristics of the rock. The experimental results show that the groundwater seepage plays a major role in the process of karst formation, and there are two processes, including chemical and physical effects, including the chemical and physical effects of the gypsum salt rock formation. The groundwater seepage is the main effect of the rock mass dissolution. The result of dissolution of karst rock and the result of submersible erosion such as handling. (4) the karst development in the study area leads to the seepage passage of the fracture in the rock mass except the conventional tectonic weathering, and the seepage channel formed by the dissolved pore. The pressure water test is an effective way to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the rock strata. Under the condition of the model inversion method, the initial water flow field in the ground water is fitted by checking the initial water level and the parameters, and the characteristics of the karst development and the dissolution mechanism of the ground red layer are demonstrated and the actual effect of the water pressure test is tested. Besides, the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the site can also provide the seepage prevention treatment in the future. Guidance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.25

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