本文選題：地震救援 + 廢墟安全評估�。� 參考：《中國地震局工程力學研究所》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：建筑物的破壞和倒塌是造成人員被困與傷亡的主要原因。在地震救援中,余震或救援方法不當所造成的廢墟二次倒塌、連續(xù)性倒塌是威脅救援人員及被困人員安全的重大隱患。地震救援廢墟安全評估工作是實現(xiàn)安全救援的前提。目前國內(nèi)外的救援中,多依賴結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)的專家對廢墟安全進行評估,但在地震現(xiàn)場中,專家資源稀缺,且因交通等影響不能滿足救援的時效性。因此本文針對地震廢墟救援中對廢墟安全評估工作的迫切需求,展開了廢墟安全評估專家系統(tǒng)的研究工作。本文主要研究了以下幾部分內(nèi)容:首先對地震救援廢墟安全評估的相關(guān)問題進行介紹,包括地震救援特點分析、廢墟特點分析、廢墟救援安全行動風險、救援基本步驟及廢墟安全評估的基本程序,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了磚混結(jié)構(gòu)地震廢墟救援評估模型,從磚混結(jié)構(gòu)震害入手,剖析了救援實例中的磚混結(jié)構(gòu)廢墟特征,結(jié)合《地震現(xiàn)場工作第二部分:建筑物安全鑒定(GB18208.2-2001)》和《危險房屋鑒定標準(JGJ 125-99(2004))》分析了影響磚混結(jié)構(gòu)廢墟安全的主要因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上選用了可以模仿人體大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡的BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡模型。依靠專家經(jīng)驗解決廢墟安全評估這一不確定因素多、模糊關(guān)系復雜的問題。建立了3層BP磚混結(jié)構(gòu)廢墟安全評估模型,可使用專家經(jīng)驗和救援案例對模型進行學習訓練。采用MATLAB中BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡工具箱實現(xiàn)建模分析,并采用實際地震廢墟救援案例對其評估結(jié)果的可靠性進行驗證。其次,完成了基于B/S的地震救援廢墟安全評估專家系統(tǒng)的初步設(shè)計。專家系統(tǒng)由于可以模擬專家專家完成工作而被廣泛應用于各領(lǐng)域。并且隨著人類科學的進步逐步更新?lián)Q代,目前處于第四代過度與發(fā)展中。本文充分吸取了專家系統(tǒng)的啟發(fā)性、靈活性和高效性的特點,初步設(shè)計了地震救援廢墟安全評估專家系統(tǒng),其中包括專家系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計、功能設(shè)計、以及系統(tǒng)軟件的實現(xiàn)。該系統(tǒng)基于ASP.NET技術(shù)和SQL Server 2008平臺,使用C#作為編程語言完成系統(tǒng)開發(fā)。系統(tǒng)的交互環(huán)境是十分友好的,并且十分直觀和易于操作。專家系統(tǒng)主要包括3大功能,其中廢墟安全鑒定為核心功能模塊,實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)在給出評估結(jié)果的同時,提供相似救援案例及相關(guān)救援文獻,此外為了協(xié)助地震廢墟救援的方案制定,開發(fā)了估算器功能,為救援路線制定及設(shè)備選取提供參考依據(jù)。最后結(jié)合系統(tǒng)操作界面,介紹了系統(tǒng)功能、特點及操作方法。并對汶川地震中營救卿靜文同學的案例進行廢墟評估演示。
[Abstract]:The destruction and collapse of buildings are the main causes of people trapped and casualties. In earthquake rescue, aftershocks or improper rescue methods caused by secondary collapse of rubble, continuous collapse is a major threat to the safety of rescue workers and trapped persons. The safety assessment of earthquake rescue ruins is the premise of safety rescue. At present, in the rescue at home and abroad, the experts mainly rely on the structural experts to evaluate the debris safety, but in the earthquake site, the expert resources are scarce, and because of the impact of traffic and other factors can not meet the rescue effectiveness. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent need of debris safety assessment in earthquake debris rescue, the research work of debris safety assessment expert system is carried out in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the related problems of earthquake rescue debris safety assessment are introduced, including the analysis of earthquake rescue characteristics, the analysis of debris characteristics, the risk of debris rescue safety action, On the basis of the basic steps of rescue and the basic procedure of debris safety assessment, the evaluation model of brick concrete structure earthquake debris rescue is studied, and the characteristics of brick concrete structure ruins in rescue cases are analyzed, starting with the earthquake damage of brick concrete structure. Combined with < the second part of earthquake site work: building safety appraisal (GB18208.2-2001) > and < dangerous house appraisal standard (JGJ 125-99 / 2004) >, the main factors affecting the safety of brick and concrete structure ruins are analyzed. On this basis, BP neural network model which can imitate human brain neural network is selected. Expert experience is used to solve the uncertain factor of debris safety assessment and the complicated fuzzy relationship. A 3-story BP brick and concrete structure safety assessment model is established, which can be used to study and train the model by using expert experience and rescue cases. The BP neural network toolbox in MATLAB is used to model and analyze the model, and the reliability of the evaluation result is verified by the actual earthquake debris rescue cases. Secondly, the preliminary design of the earthquake rescue debris safety evaluation expert system based on B / S is completed. Expert system is widely used in various fields because of its ability to simulate the work done by experts. And with the progress of human science, the fourth generation is in transition and development. Based on the characteristics of inspiration, flexibility and high efficiency of the expert system, this paper preliminarily designs an expert system for evaluating the safety of earthquake rescue ruins, including the overall design of the expert system, the function design and the realization of the system software. The system is based on ASP.NET technology and SQL Server 2008 platform. C # is used as programming language to complete the system development. The interactive environment of the system is very friendly, and very intuitive and easy to operate. The expert system mainly includes three functions, in which the debris safety identification is the core function module. The system provides similar rescue cases and related rescue documents while giving the evaluation results. In addition, the function of estimator is developed in order to assist in the program of earthquake debris rescue, which provides reference for the establishment of rescue route and the selection of equipment. Finally, the functions, characteristics and operation methods of the system are introduced in combination with the operating interface of the system. And the Wenchuan earthquake rescue Qingjingwen case of debris evaluation demonstration.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315.9

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本文編號：1803397