本文選題：則木河斷裂帶 + 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：則木河斷裂帶位于青藏高原東南緣─川滇菱形地塊東邊界轉(zhuǎn)折部位,為一大型左旋走滑繼承性活動(dòng)斷裂。因其所處的特殊構(gòu)造位置、強(qiáng)烈的地殼形變與斷裂活動(dòng),具有地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、地震活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈、次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重的特點(diǎn)。為了給則木河斷裂帶沿線城鎮(zhèn)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治、工程建設(shè)規(guī)劃和斷裂災(zāi)害研究提供科學(xué)依據(jù),本文以次級(jí)斷裂中活動(dòng)性最強(qiáng)的大箐斷層為例,通過(guò)遙感解譯、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查和科學(xué)分析,探討了斷裂的活動(dòng)特征及其對(duì)地質(zhì)環(huán)境演化控制效應(yīng),斷裂帶地質(zhì)災(zāi)害效應(yīng)和長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)性以及斷裂致災(zāi)效應(yīng),取得如下成果:(1)則木河斷裂帶對(duì)地質(zhì)環(huán)境控制效應(yīng)。(1)新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)與地震控制效應(yīng):則木河斷裂帶強(qiáng)烈繼承左旋走滑運(yùn)動(dòng)成為區(qū)域性現(xiàn)代地殼活動(dòng)帶,往往控制區(qū)域構(gòu)造活動(dòng)和地震的形成分布,使其成為則木河地震活動(dòng)帶。(2)地形地貌控制效應(yīng):以斷裂帶為聯(lián)系紐帶,通過(guò)上升、陷落和反翹差異性運(yùn)動(dòng),塑造了截然不同的隆起斷塊山、斷陷河谷和拉分盆地三種斷塊活動(dòng)單元。(3)古地理沉積環(huán)境控制效應(yīng):沉降帶或沉降斷塊形成復(fù)雜多變、松散軟弱的新沉積層,而隆起斷塊則遭受侵蝕、剝蝕形成松散風(fēng)化帶,此外斷裂沿線形成寬1-2km的斷層構(gòu)造破碎帶,為各種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害作用提供物質(zhì)來(lái)源和條件。(4)地表水系格局和地?zé)徇\(yùn)移控制效應(yīng):斷裂樞紐掀斜和左旋走滑運(yùn)動(dòng),形成四象地貌改變地表水系格局,通過(guò)斷裂帶形成深層地?zé)釄?chǎng)向地表運(yùn)移、循環(huán)的通道,構(gòu)成地下水富集強(qiáng)徑流帶。(5)地質(zhì)作用演化控制效應(yīng):則木河斷裂帶通過(guò)影響區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境的演化,誘發(fā)巨量地震次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害加劇地表過(guò)程,最終由地震構(gòu)造作用驅(qū)動(dòng)的隆起和斷陷,以及地表災(zāi)害過(guò)程驅(qū)動(dòng)的剝蝕和淤積,兩者相互作用決定現(xiàn)有地貌演化。(2)大箐斷層活斷裂地質(zhì)災(zāi)害控制效應(yīng)。(1)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育特征:具有顯著的斷裂控制特征,斷裂活動(dòng)通過(guò)加劇地質(zhì)環(huán)境惡化,為災(zāi)害發(fā)育提供物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)和地貌條件,從而影響災(zāi)害邊界特征、變形破壞過(guò)程和后期演化,成為控制地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的主導(dǎo)因素。(2)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害分布規(guī)律:具有斷裂災(zāi)害時(shí)空效應(yīng),即控制災(zāi)害的空間分布和長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)性�？臻g8大效應(yīng):斷裂距離效應(yīng)(帶狀分布)、烈度效應(yīng)(衰減型)、西盤(pán)效應(yīng)、斜坡結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)(軟弱面)、水系效應(yīng)(線狀分布)、微地貌效應(yīng)(高程、坡度、坡型)、構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)效應(yīng),地層傾向性(集中斷裂破碎帶)。時(shí)間8種特征,表現(xiàn)為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)性:崩滑災(zāi)害頻發(fā)性、復(fù)活性、期次性和擴(kuò)展性,泥石流災(zāi)害的活躍性、高頻性、侵蝕淤積性和持續(xù)性。(3)大箐斷層致災(zāi)效應(yīng)。則木河斷裂活動(dòng)影響災(zāi)害成因機(jī)制,變形破壞模式和災(zāi)害鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng)。(1)致災(zāi)模式:依據(jù)地質(zhì)條件,斜坡動(dòng)力響應(yīng)特征和失穩(wěn)破壞形式的差異,分為巖崩、碎屑型、碎屑坡面流型3類崩塌,古地震型、震裂型、堆積層型3類滑坡,高位坡面型、溝谷暴雨型2類泥石流,共崩、滑、流3大種,8亞類,15小類。(2)斷裂致災(zāi)機(jī)制:則木河斷裂帶構(gòu)造活動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景和災(zāi)害格局起決定和控制作用;斷裂形成演化過(guò)程中提供物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和地形基礎(chǔ),在強(qiáng)震主導(dǎo)下地質(zhì)環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化,地震觸發(fā)累計(jì)變形效應(yīng)顯著,特別是在后期臨近中弱地震頻繁持續(xù)的擾動(dòng)、極端降雨入滲的耦合作用,頻繁強(qiáng)烈的人類工程活動(dòng)作用,成為促使災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的根本原因。(3)斷裂災(zāi)害鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng):斷裂帶具有良好的災(zāi)害鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng),其類型分為單溝、主溝和復(fù)合型3種10類,激發(fā)因素為地震+降雨,演化過(guò)程為崩滑─泥石流─洪積扇(濁流),損毀特征為人財(cái)損失+工程毀壞+環(huán)境惡化。災(zāi)害鏈?zhǔn)窖莼Ｊ礁呕癁?地質(zhì)環(huán)境孕育─冰川運(yùn)動(dòng)及邛海群沉積─地震破裂帶古滑坡形成段─震后地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻發(fā)─鏈?zhǔn)綖?zāi)害演化衰退共5個(gè)階段。斷裂帶災(zāi)害鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng)是一個(gè)時(shí)空擴(kuò)展強(qiáng)、類型全、規(guī)模大、環(huán)境機(jī)理復(fù)雜的災(zāi)害群體系,必須形成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期、系統(tǒng)、全面、實(shí)時(shí)的綜合防治系統(tǒng)。龍門山和則木河斷裂帶致災(zāi)效應(yīng)有其相似性和差異性,前者會(huì)向后者逐漸過(guò)渡和轉(zhuǎn)化,因而本文可為汶川地震災(zāi)害規(guī)劃防治科學(xué)研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:It is located in the turning part of the eastern border of the southeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the east boundary of the Sichuan Yunnan rhombus block. It is a large left lateral strike slip fault. Because of its special tectonic position and strong crustal deformation and fracture activity, the geological conditions are complex, the seismic activity is strong and the secondary geological disaster is serious. It provides scientific basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters along the river fault zone, the planning of engineering construction and the study of fracture disaster. In this paper, taking the Daqing fault with the strongest activity in the secondary fracture as an example, through the interpretation of remote sensing, field investigation and scientific analysis, the characteristics of the fault activity and its control effect on the geological environment evolution and the geological disaster of the fault zone are discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the control effect of the wooden river fault zone on the geological environment. (1) the neotectonic movement and the seismic control effect: the strong inheritance of the left slip movement into a regional modern crustal zone, and often control the regional tectonic activity and the distribution of earthquakes. To make it become the seismic activity belt of the Mu He. (2) the control effect of topography and geomorphology: Taking the fault zone as the link, through the difference movement of rising, falling and anti warping, it has created a totally different uplift fault block mountain, the rift valley and the pull apart basin three kinds of block activity units. (3) the paleogeographic sedimentary environment control effect: settlement zone or settlement block formation The complex, loose and weak new sedimentary layer, while the uplift fault block is eroded, the denudation forms the loose weathering zone, and the fault tectonic zone of wide 1-2km is formed along the fault, which provides material sources and conditions for various geological disasters. (4) the surface water system pattern and the control effect of geothermal migration: fracture hinge tilting and left-hand slip movement The formation of the surface water system is formed by the formation of the four image geomorphology, and the deep geothermal field is formed through the fracture zone to move to the ground surface, and the circulation channel is formed to enrich the strong runoff zone of the groundwater. (5) the effect of the geological evolution control. Finally, the uplift and fault depression driven by seismic tectonic action and the erosion and deposition driven by the surface disaster process determine the evolution of the existing geomorphology. (2) the control effect of the geological disaster of the Daqing fault active fault. (1) the characteristics of the geological hazard development: the characteristics of significant fracture control and the deterioration of the fault activity through the aggravation of the geological environment, Disaster development provides material structure basis and geomorphic conditions, thus affecting the characteristics of disaster boundary, deformation and failure process and later evolution, and become the leading factors to control geological disasters. (2) the distribution law of geological disasters: the space-time effect of the fracture disaster, that is, the spatial distribution and long-term activity of controlling the disaster. The 8 big effect of space: the fault distance effect Should (band distribution), intensity effect (attenuation), West disk effect, slope structure effect (weak surface), water system effect (linear distribution), microgeomorphic effect (elevation, slope, slope type), tectonic stress field effect, stratigraphic tendency (concentrated fracture zone). Time 8 characteristics are characterized by long-term activity of geological disasters: frequent occurrence and resurrection of landslide disaster. Duration and expansibility, activity of debris flow, high frequency, erosion silt and continuity. (3) the effect of Daqing fault. The mechanism of formation, deformation and failure mode and chain effect are affected by the activity of the tree river fault. (1) the pattern of disaster caused by the geological strip, the difference of the dynamic response characteristics of the slope and the form of instability and failure. Rock avalanche, detrital and clastic slope flow pattern 3 types of collapse, paleo seismic type, earthquake crack type, accumulation layer type 3 types of landslides, high slope face type, and gully rainstorm type 2 types of debris flow, common avalanche, slide, flow 3 species, 8 subcategory, 15 small category. (2) fracture mechanism: the structural activity of the timber River fault zone determines and controls the regional geological background and disaster pattern; fracture shape In the process of evolution, the material structure and the terrain foundation are provided, and the geological environment continues to deteriorate under the strong earthquake, and the cumulative deformation effect of the earthquake triggers is remarkable, especially the frequent and continuous disturbances in the later period near the middle and weak earthquakes, the coupling action of extreme rainfall infiltration, and the frequent and intense human engineering activity, which has become the fundamental of the frequent disasters. (3) the chain effect of fracture disaster: the fracture zone has good chain effect of disaster, and its types are divided into 3 kinds, single gully, main ditch and compound type, and the excitation factors are earthquake + rainfall, the evolution process is landslide - debris flow - Hong Jishan (Zhuo Liu), the damage characteristic is human loss and loss + engineering destruction + environment deterioration. The disaster chain evolution model is generalized as follows: The geological environment is pregnant with the 5 stages of the glacial movement and the formation of the qiqiqihai group, the paleo landslide formation section of the Qiong sea group, the formation of the ancient landslides in the earthquake rupture zone - the frequent occurrence of the chain type disaster evolution after the earthquake. The disaster chain effect of the fault zone is a disaster group system with strong space-time expansion, full type, large scale and complex environmental mechanism, which must form a long-term, systematic and whole system. The effect of the Longmen mountain and the Reihe River fault zone has its similarity and difference, and the former will gradually transition and transform to the backward. Therefore, this paper can provide reference for the scientific research on the prevention and control of earthquake disaster in Wenchuan.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P694;P315

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 謝吉尊;馮文凱;張光鑫;易小宇;;地震和降雨耦合災(zāi)害分布與長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)性分析[J];科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程;2016年24期

2 馮文凱;胡云鵬;謝吉尊;王琦;吳剛;;順層震裂斜坡降雨觸發(fā)災(zāi)變機(jī)制及穩(wěn)定性分析——以三溪村滑坡為例[J];巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào);2016年11期

3 李長(zhǎng)順;謝吉尊;廖維;;西昌鵝掌河泥石流發(fā)育特征及成因分析[J];水利與建筑工程學(xué)報(bào);2016年04期

4 倪化勇;王德偉;白永健;劉小霞;;孫水河流域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害鏈類型結(jié)構(gòu)與斷鏈對(duì)策[J];山地學(xué)報(bào);2016年04期

5 謝吉尊;馮文凱;胡云鵬;吳剛;喬瑩瑩;;天然和飽水狀態(tài)下泥巖力學(xué)性質(zhì)及損傷變形能量特征分析[J];水文地質(zhì)工程地質(zhì);2016年03期

6 張永雙;郭長(zhǎng)寶;姚鑫;楊志華;吳瑞安;杜國(guó)梁;;青藏高原東緣活動(dòng)斷裂地質(zhì)災(zāi)害效應(yīng)研究[J];地球?qū)W報(bào);2016年03期

7 許聲夫;李渝生;王金鵬;;則木河斷裂中段山體潰滑事件的臨界動(dòng)力強(qiáng)度[J];山地學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

8 李平;薄景山;李孝波;肖瑞杰;;安寧河河谷及邛海地區(qū)土層場(chǎng)地對(duì)地震動(dòng)的放大作用[J];巖土工程學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

9 李淑貞;戴霜;王華偉;張翔;;白龍江地區(qū)斷裂構(gòu)造與滑坡分布及發(fā)生關(guān)系[J];蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年02期

10 李勇;周榮軍;趙國(guó)華;李海兵;蘇德辰;丁海容;顏照坤;閆亮;云錕;馬超;;汶川地震驅(qū)動(dòng)的隆升、剝蝕作用與龍門山地貌生長(zhǎng)——以映秀紅椿溝為例[J];成都理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年01期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 易桂喜;聞學(xué)澤;范軍;王思維;;由現(xiàn)今地震活動(dòng)分析中國(guó)川西安寧河-則木河斷裂帶大地震危險(xiǎn)性[A];中國(guó)地震學(xué)會(huì)第九次學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文摘要集——紀(jì)念李善邦先生百年誕辰[C];2002年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 高翔;走滑斷裂帶變形局部化和地震成核過(guò)程探討[D];浙江大學(xué);2012年

2 羅永紅;地震作用下復(fù)雜斜坡響應(yīng)規(guī)律研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 曹文正;則木河斷裂帶西昌—普格段重大古滑坡發(fā)育特征及成因機(jī)理研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2015年

2 郭乾;則木河斷裂帶中段典型古地震滑坡動(dòng)力學(xué)特征研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2014年

3 任治坤;則木河斷裂帶古地震研究[D];中國(guó)地震局地震預(yù)測(cè)研究所;2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1797584