本文選題：復(fù)雜碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層 + 儲(chǔ)集空間類型　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：M油田位于伊朗西南部,于1908年發(fā)現(xiàn)、1911年投入開發(fā),為中東地區(qū)第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)并投產(chǎn)的商業(yè)油田,Asmari組碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層為其主力層位。近百年開發(fā)過程中,油田歷經(jīng)下部侏羅系高含H2S氣體竄入及大量氣體漏出地面等歷史事件,造成目前上有氣頂、下帶邊水的流體分布態(tài)勢(shì),油藏壓力極低(壓力系數(shù)僅為0.344左右),儲(chǔ)層非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng)。論文研究開展之前,油田已基本處于停產(chǎn)狀態(tài)。為使百年油田煥發(fā)活力并實(shí)現(xiàn)有效、持續(xù)、規(guī)模開發(fā),有必要對(duì)該油田Asmari組復(fù)雜碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層開展綜合評(píng)價(jià)研究,為油田開發(fā)方案編制等工作提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。論文以M油田Asmari組碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層為對(duì)象,野外露頭觀察、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析、錄井、測(cè)井、測(cè)試等資料為基礎(chǔ),借助直方圖、交會(huì)圖等技術(shù)手段,分析了其沉積微相和發(fā)育特征,識(shí)別了有效儲(chǔ)層和流體,標(biāo)定了有效儲(chǔ)層下限,研究了有利儲(chǔ)層展布規(guī)律,并建立了三維地質(zhì)模型,取得了豐富的研究成果。(1)前人研究認(rèn)為,M油田Asmari儲(chǔ)層巖性以灰?guī)r為主,即"Asmari limestone",論文發(fā)現(xiàn)并驗(yàn)證了儲(chǔ)層巖性以云巖、灰質(zhì)云巖、云質(zhì)灰?guī)r和灰?guī)r為主,同時(shí)建立了巖性識(shí)別圖版。(2)論文建立了M油田Asmari組沉積模式,識(shí)別并劃分了三種沉積微相(局限、開闊和蒸發(fā)臺(tái)地),分析了不同微相的物性特征和空間分布特征,指出開闊臺(tái)地為有利相帶,為后續(xù)開展儲(chǔ)層研究提供了地質(zhì)依據(jù)。(3)從宏觀到微觀,以不同尺度和不同角度,論文深入研究了M油田Asmari儲(chǔ)層儲(chǔ)集空間類型與特征,提出研究區(qū)內(nèi)發(fā)育溶蝕孔洞和裂縫,其中溶蝕孔洞為油氣儲(chǔ)集空間、裂縫為運(yùn)移通道。(4)論文總結(jié)Asmari儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育四類孔喉,依次為大、中、小和微孔喉,研究不同孔隙度區(qū)間孔喉分布特征,建立其對(duì)應(yīng)的孔喉分布模板,分析不同孔隙度區(qū)間孔喉發(fā)育規(guī)律,對(duì)深化儲(chǔ)層認(rèn)識(shí)極具指導(dǎo)意義。(5)論文研究M油田Asmari儲(chǔ)層的非均質(zhì)性特征,并借助地球化學(xué)指標(biāo)和生產(chǎn)過程中壓力變化等資料,研究油藏連通性特征,有力指導(dǎo)了井位部署和優(yōu)化射孔等后續(xù)工作。(6)論文應(yīng)用基于常規(guī)測(cè)井資料處理裂縫參數(shù)的技術(shù)方法,分析總結(jié)儲(chǔ)集空間分布與巖性組合的特征規(guī)律：溶蝕孔洞發(fā)育與白云化程度成正比,裂縫發(fā)育與白云化程度成反比,并建立儲(chǔ)集空間類型與巖性關(guān)系識(shí)別模板。(7)綜合利用相滲資料、孔隙度-飽和度交會(huì)、含油產(chǎn)狀、壓汞資料等資料,確定了M油田Asmari組儲(chǔ)層下限,為后續(xù)有效儲(chǔ)層統(tǒng)計(jì)及儲(chǔ)量評(píng)估提供了有利依據(jù)。(8)釗對(duì)M油田Asmari儲(chǔ)層,論文從巖性、物性和含油性等指標(biāo)出發(fā),建立了適合其儲(chǔ)層的致密層、泥巖、水層及含油層識(shí)別模板,其可靠性得到生產(chǎn)資料證實(shí)。(9)針對(duì)異常低壓儲(chǔ)層流體識(shí)別這一國際性技術(shù)難題,論文研究了Asmari組異常低壓油藏的流體判別技術(shù)和流體界面識(shí)別方法,明確了流體空間分布規(guī)律,該認(rèn)識(shí)一定程度上解決了困擾鉆井及開發(fā)技術(shù)人員的技術(shù)瓶頸。(10)綜合利用多種技術(shù)指標(biāo),針對(duì)M油田,首次建立了Asmari組油藏儲(chǔ)層劃分和識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),據(jù)此將其分為四類,研究了各類儲(chǔ)層分布特征,借助日產(chǎn)量、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)期等指標(biāo),研究了高產(chǎn)井分布規(guī)律,有利指導(dǎo)了井位部署,也為優(yōu)化鉆井軌跡提供了技術(shù)依據(jù)。綜合上述各項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果,首次建立了M油田Asmari三維地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及常規(guī)物性模型,其可靠性得到了水平井實(shí)鉆、試油和生產(chǎn)資料證實(shí),水平井測(cè)試產(chǎn)量及各項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)指標(biāo)均超過預(yù)期目標(biāo)；找到了針對(duì)全世界范圍內(nèi)、諸多缺少地震等關(guān)鍵資料的老油田,建立符合地下客觀規(guī)律地質(zhì)模型的技術(shù)思路和方法手段,形成了一套針對(duì)類似復(fù)雜儲(chǔ)層油田的綜合評(píng)價(jià)流程、方法和技術(shù)體系,為提高目前諸多基本處于停滯狀態(tài)、邁入后期、亟待恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)的邊際油田整體效益,指明了方向。
[Abstract]:M oilfield is located in the southwest of Iran. In 1908, it was discovered in 1911. It was put into development in 1911. It was the first commercial oilfield found and put into production in the Middle East region. The carbonate reservoir of group Asmari was the main layer. In the process of nearly one hundred years, the oil field had gone through historical events such as the high H2S gas in the lower Jurassic and the leakage of a large amount of gas from the ground. The reservoir pressure is very low (the pressure coefficient is only about 0.344), and the reservoir heterogeneity is strong. Before the research is carried out, the oil field is basically in the state of stopping production. In order to make the 100 year oil field energize and achieve effective, continuous and scale opening, it is necessary to open the complex carbonate reservoir in the Asmari group of this oilfield. The comprehensive evaluation study provides technical basis for the development of oilfield development program. The paper takes the carbonate reservoir of group Asmari of M oilfield as the object, field outcrop observation, experimental analysis, logging, logging, test and other data, and analyses the sedimentary microfacies and development characteristics with the help of histogram and rendezvous map. The reservoir and fluid, demarcated the lower limit of effective reservoir, studied the distribution law of favorable reservoir, and established a three-dimensional geological model. (1) previous studies have found that the lithology of Asmari reservoir in M oilfield is mainly gray rock, that is "Asmari limestone", and the reservoir lithology is found and verified by the lithology of cloud rock, gray cloud rock, cloud limestone and Limestone is the main type, and lithology identification chart is set up at the same time. (2) the paper established the sedimentary model of Asmari group in M oilfield, identified and divided three sedimentary microfacies (limited, open and evaporative platform), analyzed the physical characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of different microfacies, pointed out that the open platform was a favorable phase, and provided geological basis for the subsequent reservoir research. (3) (3) from the macroscopic to the microcosmic, the paper studies the types and characteristics of the reservoir space of Asmari reservoir in M oilfield, and puts forward the development of the karst cave and crack in the study area, in which the karst cave is the reservoir space and the fracture is the migration channel. (4) the paper summarizes the four types of pore throat developed in the Asmari reservoir, which is in turn large, medium and small. And micropore throat, study the distribution characteristics of pore throat in different porosity interval, establish its corresponding pore throat distribution template, analyze the law of pore throat development in different porosity interval, and have great guiding significance to deepen the understanding of reservoir. (5) this paper studies the heterogeneity of Asmari reservoir in M oilfield, and uses geochemical index and pressure change in production process. Data, study the characteristics of reservoir connectivity, effectively guide the follow-up work of well location deployment and optimization of perforation. (6) the paper applies the technical method of processing fracture parameters based on conventional logging data, analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of reservoir spatial distribution and lithologic combination, which is proportional to the degree of dolomitization, fracture development and dolomitization. The degree becomes inverse ratio, and the reservoir space type and lithologic relation identification template is established. (7) comprehensive utilization of phase infiltration data, porosity saturation rendezvous, oil production and mercury pressure data, determine the lower limit of the Asmari reservoir in M oilfield, and provide a favorable basis for the subsequent effective reservoir statistics and reserves evaluation. (8) Zhao to M oilfield Asmari reservoir, paper Based on the indexes of lithology, physical property and oiliness, the dense layer, mudstone, water layer and oil bearing layer identification template are established, and its reliability is confirmed by the production data. (9) in view of the international technical problem of abnormal low pressure reservoir fluid identification, the paper studies the fluid discrimination technique and the fluid boundary of the abnormal low pressure reservoir in Asmari group. The method of surface recognition defines the spatial distribution of fluid, which solves the technical bottleneck of drilling and developing technical personnel to a certain extent. (10) based on a variety of technical indicators, the classification and identification standards of reservoir reservoirs in the M oilfield have been established for the first time. According to this, they are divided into four types, and the distribution characteristics of various reservoirs are studied. With the help of the index of daily production and stable production, the distribution law of high yield wells is studied, the well position deployment is guided, and the technical basis for optimizing the drilling trajectory is provided. The three dimensional geological structure and the conventional physical property model of the M oilfield have been established for the first time. The reliability of the Asmari oil field is obtained by the horizontal well drilling, the oil test and the production data. It is proved that the production and production indexes of the horizontal wells are more than the expected targets, and the old oil fields, which are in line with the key data lack of earthquakes in the world, have been found, and the technical ideas and methods of establishing the geological model of the underground objective law have been established, and a set of comprehensive evaluation process for similar complex reservoirs is formed. And the technical system, in order to improve the present basic stagnation and enter into the later stage, it is urgent to restore the marginal oil field's overall benefit, and point out the direction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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