發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 11:05

  本文選題：風-源-盆 + 灘壩　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：風場是一項重要的氣候指標,不僅反映大氣環(huán)流信息,作為一種地質(zhì)營力也控制了沉積過程。但在古氣候研究中,有關(guān)古風場的研究較少,原因是古大氣流場活動遺留下來的有效信息極少,難以從地質(zhì)記錄中加以恢復。中國東部古近系濱淺湖環(huán)境發(fā)育了大量的灘壩砂體,并成為了油氣增儲上產(chǎn)的新領(lǐng)域,其形成與古風場關(guān)系密切。本文以東營凹陷沙四上亞段為例,通過研究風浪對灘壩沉積過程的控制,借助巖心、測錄井、地震等資料,引進古風場的研究;指出灘壩沉積受控于風場-物源-盆地系統(tǒng)(簡稱“風-源-盆”系統(tǒng))。主要成果有:(1)總結(jié)了“風-源-盆”系統(tǒng)沉積動力學的研究思路與研究方法。指出古風場及其控制下的古氣候控制了沉積體的構(gòu)造、結(jié)構(gòu)特征;古物源提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);古地貌與古水深決定了沉積體的發(fā)育位置、范圍與規(guī)模,三者共同作用決定了沉積體的時空展布,為研究含油氣盆地砂體的形成和分布提供了新思路;(2)開展了東營凹陷沙四上亞段層序地層劃分和沉積體系分析。將目的層段劃分為一個三級層序、三個體系域,重點地區(qū)精度達到準層序的級別,為“風-源-盆”系統(tǒng)的研究建立了等時格架;根據(jù)巖心、測錄井等資料,共識別出了七種典型的沉積體系:扇三角洲、水下重力流、三角洲、濱淺湖灘壩、碳酸鹽灘壩、半深湖風暴沉積、半深湖-深湖細粒沉積,并確定了各沉積體系發(fā)育規(guī)律;(3)建立了灘壩的成因模式。依據(jù)濱岸帶波浪動力特征,將發(fā)育在破浪帶的沙壩稱為遠岸壩;發(fā)育在碎浪帶或內(nèi)破浪帶的沙壩稱為近岸壩;發(fā)育于沖浪回流帶的沙壩稱為沿岸壩。發(fā)育在波浪遇淺帶、波浪重生帶、沖浪回流帶的沙灘分別稱之為外緣灘、壩間灘、沿岸灘,在平面上,灘主要以席狀的形式包圍于沙壩周圍,即“壩間和壩外為灘”;灘壩的形成受控于“風-源-盆”系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)一作用;(4)提出了利用古湖泊中灘壩沉積定量恢復古風場的方法。包括:①根據(jù)破浪沙壩的走向及橫向不對稱性恢復古風向;②根據(jù)破浪沙壩和沿岸礫質(zhì)沙壩的厚度定量恢復古風力。研究表明,風場可能還控制了氣候要素中冷暖干濕的變化;本文提出的方法為古風場乃至古氣候的恢復開辟了新的思路,也為灘壩砂體的形成和預測研究提供了方法。
[Abstract]:Wind field is an important climatic index, which not only reflects the information of atmospheric circulation, but also controls the sedimentary process as a kind of geological force. However, in paleoclimate research, the paleolian field is less studied, because there is little effective information left over from paleo-atmospheric flow field activity, so it is difficult to recover from geological records. The paleogene shallow lake environment of eastern China has developed a large number of beach and dam sandbodies and has become a new field of oil and gas accumulation and production, and its formation is closely related to the paleo-wind field. Taking the upper submember of Sha 4 in Dongying sag as an example, this paper introduces the study of paleo-wind field by studying the control of beach and dam sedimentation process by wind and wave, with the help of core, logging and seismic data. It is pointed out that the deposit of beach and dam is controlled by the system of wind field, material source and basin (referred to as "wind-source-basin" system). The main results are as follows: (1) the research ideas and methods of the sedimentary dynamics of the "wind-source-basin" system are summarized. It is pointed out that paleogeomorphic field and paleoclimate controlled by paleoclimate control the structure and structural characteristics of sedimentary body, ancient source provides material foundation, paleogeomorphology and paleogeomorphology and paleo-water depth determine the development position, scope and scale of sedimentary body. The interaction of the three factors determines the spatial and temporal distribution of sedimentary bodies and provides a new idea for the study of the formation and distribution of sand bodies in oil-bearing basins. The sequence stratigraphic division and sedimentary system analysis of the upper member of Sha 4 in Dongying Sag have been carried out. The target interval is divided into a third order sequence, three system tracts, and the precision of key area reaches the level of quasi sequence. The isochronous framework is established for the study of "wind-source-basin" system, according to the data of core, logging and so on. Seven typical sedimentary systems were identified: fan delta, underwater gravity flow, delta, shoreline beach dam, carbonate beach dam, semi-deep lake storm deposit, semi-deep lake-deep lake fine-grained deposit. The genetic model of beach and dam is established. According to the wave dynamic characteristics of the shoreline zone, the sand dam developed in the breaking wave zone is called the far shore dam, the sand dam developed in the cataclysmic zone or the inner breaking zone is called the nearshore dam, and the sand dam developed in the surf return zone is called the coastal dam. The beaches developed in wave shallow zone, wave rebirth zone and surf return zone are called outer edge beach, dam beach and coastal beach respectively. On the plane, the beach is mainly surrounded by the sand dam in the form of matting form, that is, "the beach between the dam and outside the dam is the beach"; The formation of beach dam is controlled by the unified action of "wind-source-basin" system. It includes: 1 restoring palewind direction according to the strike and transverse asymmetry of breaking sand dam and restoring paleolian force quantitatively according to the thickness of breaking sand dam and gravel sand dam along the coast. The results show that the wind field may also control the changes of cold and warm dry and wet in climatic elements, and the method proposed in this paper has opened up a new way of thinking for the restoration of paleo-wind field and paleoclimate, as well as provided a method for the formation and prediction of beach bar sand bodies.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13;P534.613

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