本文選題：玉樹(shù)地震 + 差分干涉測(cè)量　； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震被認(rèn)為是一種由地殼力學(xué)機(jī)制引起的自然現(xiàn)象,是給人來(lái)帶來(lái)影響最大的自然災(zāi)害之一。本文首先對(duì)InSAR形變測(cè)量原理進(jìn)行了介紹,將PALSAR雷達(dá)傳感器獲得的玉樹(shù)地震前后的雷達(dá)影像作為原始資料數(shù)據(jù),然后在兩軌差分干涉測(cè)量方法的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)主從影像進(jìn)行差分干涉處理,最終得到研究區(qū)域在雷達(dá)視線向上的地表形變。在處理過(guò)程中對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)選取、配準(zhǔn)、重采樣、濾波、相位解纏、軌道精煉、地理編碼等一系列問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究分析�？紤]到需要提高地表同震形變場(chǎng)的精度,本文在處理過(guò)程中使用Goldstein濾波來(lái)對(duì)差分干涉圖進(jìn)行濾波處理,并建立線性回歸模型對(duì)大氣相位進(jìn)行去除。結(jié)果表明玉樹(shù)地震區(qū)域的形變范圍為-0.58m-0.37m,并且玉樹(shù)地震區(qū)域西南部分為沉陷形變,東北部分為抬升形變。本文在震源參數(shù)反演的過(guò)程中引入了Okada位錯(cuò)理論相關(guān)模型。假設(shè)在斷層均位于彈性半空間均勻介質(zhì)中的前提條件下,詳細(xì)介紹了點(diǎn)源位錯(cuò)形變與應(yīng)變模型以及有限矩源位錯(cuò)形變與應(yīng)變模型建立的方法。同時(shí)假設(shè)在斷層滑動(dòng)為均勻滑動(dòng)的情況下,對(duì)斷層幾何參數(shù)反演方法進(jìn)行了解釋,并以此為理論基礎(chǔ),將獲得玉樹(shù)地震地表同震形變場(chǎng)作為約束數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)玉樹(shù)地震的斷層幾何參數(shù)進(jìn)行了非線性反演,其結(jié)果與CMT公布的結(jié)果基本擬合。在對(duì)斷層的滑動(dòng)量進(jìn)行線性反演的過(guò)程中,將上一步得到的斷層幾何參數(shù)作為已知數(shù)據(jù),最終獲得研究區(qū)域的斷層滑動(dòng)分布。并以此計(jì)算了玉樹(shù)地震的震源參數(shù),得到其矩張量為:,對(duì)應(yīng)的矩震級(jí)為,與CMT公布的結(jié)果基本保持一致。為驗(yàn)證玉樹(shù)地震斷層滑動(dòng)反演的準(zhǔn)確度,最后對(duì)反演結(jié)果進(jìn)行正演處理,得到了玉樹(shù)地震區(qū)域的正演形變場(chǎng)。將該形變場(chǎng)與通過(guò)PALSAR雷達(dá)影像獲得的形變場(chǎng)進(jìn)行比較。需注意,由于斷層滑動(dòng)反演過(guò)程中對(duì)地表同震形變場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了降采樣處理,形變區(qū)域選取的采樣點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于其他區(qū)域。因此在對(duì)形變場(chǎng)進(jìn)行比較時(shí),主要在形變區(qū)域進(jìn)行選點(diǎn)比較。最后比較結(jié)果顯示,形變場(chǎng)的差值基本在±10mm之內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is considered to be a natural phenomenon caused by the mechanical mechanism of the earth's crust. It is one of the most important natural disasters. Firstly, the principle of InSAR deformation measurement is introduced. The radar image of the Yushu earthquake before and after the PALSAR radar sensor is used as the original data, and then the two track differential interferometry is used. On the basis of the method, the main and subordinate image is processed by differential interference, and the surface deformation of the area on the radar line of sight is finally obtained. In the process of processing, a series of problems such as data selection, registration, resampling, filtering, phase unwrapping, orbit refining, and Geo coding are studied and analyzed. Considering the need to improve the surface deformation field of the surface In the process of processing, this paper uses Goldstein filtering to filter the differential interferogram and sets up a linear regression model to remove the atmospheric phase. The result shows that the deformation range of the Yushu earthquake region is -0.58m-0.37m, and the southwest part of the Yushu earthquake region is the subsidence deformation and the northeast part is the uplift deformation. In the process of seismic source parameter inversion, the Okada dislocation theory model is introduced. Assuming that the fault is located in the elastic half space homogeneous medium, the method of the dislocation deformation and strain model of point source and the method of establishing the dislocation deformation and strain model of the finite moment source are introduced in detail. In addition, the inversion method of geometric parameters of the fault is explained. On this basis, the ground surface deformation field of the Yushu earthquake will be taken as the constraint data, and the geometric parameters of the fault of the Yushu earthquake are nonlinear inversion. The results are basically fitted to the results published by the CMT. The linear inversion process of the slip of the fault is carried out. In this way, the fault geometric parameters obtained in the last step are given as known data, and the fault slip distribution in the study area is finally obtained. In addition, the source parameters of the Yushu earthquake are calculated and the moment tensor is obtained. The corresponding moment magnitude is consistent with the results published by the CMT. In order to verify the accuracy of the fault slip inversion in the Yushu earthquake, the final accuracy is verified, finally, the accuracy of the fault slip inversion is verified. In the forward processing of the inversion results, the forward deformation field of the Yushu seismic region is obtained. The deformation field is compared with the deformation field obtained through the PALSAR radar image. It is necessary to pay attention to the reduction of the ground surface deformation field in the process of the fault slip inversion, and the sampling points in the form area are far more than the other regions. Therefore, when comparing the deformation field, the main points are compared in the deformation area. Finally, the comparison results show that the difference of the deformation field is basically within the range of + 10mm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P315.7

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