本文選題：白云凹陷 + 珠江組��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：南海北部是我國油氣勘探的重要區(qū)域,隨著勘探程度的加深,淺海陸架已經(jīng)難以滿足日益增加的油氣需求,向深海過渡區(qū)發(fā)育的陸架邊緣三角洲和盆底扇等大型儲集層受到越來越多的關(guān)注。珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡陸架陸坡區(qū)由于存在大型三角洲和盆底扇儲集體成為油氣勘探的熱點領(lǐng)域。本文應(yīng)用最新的覆蓋全區(qū)的三維地震、鉆井及測井資料,以盆地構(gòu)造分析、層序地層學(xué)、沉積體系分析和地震沉積學(xué)為理論指導(dǎo),重點應(yīng)用“點、線、面、體、時”的綜合分析的思路開展研究工作,在確定了白云凹陷北坡珠江組坡折類型、展布規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了白云凹陷北坡珠江組高精度構(gòu)造-層序地層格架,進而開展沉積體系分析工作,確定層序構(gòu)成、沉積體系的時空配置關(guān)系,并通過同沉積期構(gòu)造古地貌恢復(fù),確定陸架坡折對沉積體的控制,最終揭示等時格架內(nèi)沉積相帶與構(gòu)造坡折帶或構(gòu)造古地形、物源供給體系等的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,闡明體系域空間差異性分布的主控因素,建立了沉積體系時空演化模式,為該區(qū)油氣勘探的全面深入提供堅實的地質(zhì)依據(jù)。研究取得的主要成果及認識如下:1、基于最新的三維地震及鉆測井資料,確定了白云凹陷北坡珠江組為多階斷裂坡折,并闡明了其空間展布。研究區(qū)珠江組一段(23.8Ma-21Ma)層序內(nèi)陸架坡折位于研究區(qū)東南部。珠江組二段(21Ma-17.5Ma)時期內(nèi),由于白云運動基底沉降結(jié)束,陸架坡折北遷到番禺低隆起區(qū)域,且為多階斷裂坡折。除了陸架坡折,在陸坡區(qū)將兩條雁列式斷裂帶劃分為一階坡折和二階坡折。這樣陸架坡折、一階坡折及二級坡折一起將研究區(qū)劃分為陸架區(qū)、上陸坡區(qū)、下陸坡區(qū)及深海平原區(qū)。陸架坡折帶制約著盆地充填可容納空間的變化,從而影響研究區(qū)沉積體系的分布。2、識別了白云凹陷北坡珠江組發(fā)育層序界面、查明了各反射界面特征,構(gòu)建了高精度層序地層格架,闡明了層序構(gòu)成樣式。對研究區(qū)內(nèi)17口單井層序地層、多條連井及覆蓋全區(qū)的三維地震剖面的綜合追蹤分析比對的基礎(chǔ)上,識別出珠江組SB23.8、SB21和SB17.5等三個層序界面,據(jù)此將珠江組劃分為兩個三級層序(珠江組一段和珠江組二段);在珠江組二段(SB21-SB17.5)內(nèi)還識別出FFS(初始海泛面)和MFS18.5(最大海泛面),將珠江組二段劃分為低位、海侵和高位體系域。構(gòu)建了坡折控制下的層序發(fā)育模式,具體表現(xiàn)為珠江組一段在研究區(qū)只發(fā)育高位體系域,東南發(fā)育的坡折控制斜坡扇的發(fā)育;珠江組二段上陸坡區(qū)發(fā)育三角洲沉積,一階坡折控制下陸坡區(qū)發(fā)育斜坡扇沉積,二階坡折控制深海平原的盆底扇沉積。3、查明了白云凹陷北坡珠江組沉積體系時空展布特征,建立了陸架邊緣三角洲和多分支水道化扇等兩類沉積模式。運用巖芯柱狀圖、單井連井剖面圖、地震屬性圖綜合分析并相互校正,建立體系域空間沉積體系的時空演化模式。研究表明,陸架邊緣三角洲沉積體系以西部特征最為典型,主要發(fā)育有陸架邊緣三角洲—多分支水道化扇—盆底扇等沉積體的轉(zhuǎn)化;受控于陸架坡折陸架邊緣三角洲主要來自北部點狀物源,一階坡折的控制下陸架邊緣三角洲二次搬運形成多分支水道化扇,二階坡折控制下多分支水道化扇三級搬運形成下部的盆底扇;多分支水道化扇沉積體系以東部發(fā)育典型,發(fā)育陸架三角洲—陸架砂—斜坡水道—多分支水道化扇—盆地扇及灰質(zhì)水道等沉積體的轉(zhuǎn)化,陸架邊緣三角洲為來自東北的線物源其受控于陸架坡折的發(fā)育,在一階坡折的控制下,通過高角度斜坡水道二次搬運形成寬緩且大面積扇體展布的多分支水道化扇沉積,多分支水道化扇在二階坡折的控制下,通過三次搬運形成進入深海平原的盆底扇沉積。4、揭示了白云凹陷北坡珠江組沉積體空間展布的主控因素:構(gòu)造作用、古地貌、物源供給。(1)構(gòu)造活動,研究區(qū)23.8-21Ma屬于斷陷期,同沉積斷裂活動全區(qū)比較劇烈,活動指數(shù)普遍較高;21-17.5Ma期間,全區(qū)范圍內(nèi)斷裂活動明顯減弱,但少數(shù)斷裂持續(xù)活動的區(qū)域構(gòu)造背景下,長期活動的同沉積斷裂形成的“多階構(gòu)造坡折帶”制約著盆地充填可容納空間的變化;(2)古地貌,古地貌控制著低位體系域的砂分散體系和相分異,珠江組一段時期,古地貌的起伏主要控制東南部的斜坡扇沉積;珠江組二段時期,古地貌起伏增強,在研究區(qū)北部形成陸架坡折,控制西部來自西北物源、東部來自東沙和東北物源的陸架邊緣三角洲、一階坡折控制二次搬運的多分支水道化扇和二階坡折控制三次搬運的盆底扇。且西部坡度明顯小于東部坡度,使東部更多的三角洲“背景源”沉積物通過斜坡水道搬運到下陸坡區(qū)沉積,使東部多分支水道化扇和盆底扇的規(guī)模和展布范圍較西部大。(3)物源供給,西部主要為北部點源富砂充填,僅在河道流經(jīng)區(qū)域砂體含量高,東部為多點-線源富砂充填,整個區(qū)域砂體含量相當。
[Abstract]:The northern South China Sea is an important area for oil and gas exploration in China. With the deepening of the exploration degree, the shallow sea shelf has been difficult to meet the increasing demand for oil and gas. The large reservoirs, such as the continental shelf margin Delta and the pelvic floor fan developed into the deep sea transition area, have attracted more and more attention. Large delta and pelvic floor fan reservoirs have become the hot areas of oil and gas exploration. In this paper, the latest three dimensional earthquake, drilling and logging data covering the whole area are guided by the theory of basin structure analysis, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary system analysis and seismic sedimentology, and the comprehensive analysis of "point, line, surface, body and time" should be focused on. On the basis of determining the type of slope break of the Pearl River group in the north slope of Baiyun Sag, the high precision tectonic sequence stratigraphic framework of the Pearl River Group on the north slope of Baiyun sag is constructed, and then the analysis work of the sedimentary system is carried out, the sequence composition, the spatio-temporal disposition relation of the sedimentary system are determined, and the paleogeomorphology of the sedimentary period is restored, In order to determine the control of the continental shelf break to the sedimentary bodies, the internal relations between the sedimentary facies in the isochronous frame and the tectonic slope fold belt or the tectonic paleotopography and the source supply system are revealed, and the main controlling factors of the spatial difference distribution in the system domain are clarified, and the spatio-temporal evolution model of the depositional system has been set up to provide a solid ground for the comprehensive and thorough exploration of the oil and gas in this area. The main achievements and understanding of the research are as follows: 1, based on the latest 3D seismic and drilling and logging data, the Pearl River group in the north slope of Baiyun sag is a multi-step fracture slope, and its spatial distribution is clarified. The slope fold of the Pearl River group A (23.8Ma-21Ma) sequence in the study area is located in the southeast of the study area. The two section of the Pearl River group (21Ma-17.5Ma) During the period, due to the end of the basement subsidence of the Baiyun movement, the continental shelf slope breaks north to the Panyu low uplift area and is a multistage fracture slope. In addition to the continental slope break, the two echelon fault zones are divided into one order slope break and two order slope break in the Continental slope area, so that the shelf break, the first slope break and the two grade break together divide the study area into the continental shelf area, and the uplift area is divided into the continental shelf area. The slope zone, the land slope area and the deep sea plain area. The continental slope folding zone restricts the changes in the accommodating space of the basin filling, thus affects the distribution of the sedimentary system in the study area.2, identifies the sequence boundary of the Pearl River Formation in the north slope of Baiyun Sag, and finds out the characteristics of the reflection interface, and constructs a high degree sequence stratigraphic framework and clarifies the sequence pattern. On the basis of 17 single well sequence stratigraphy, multiple wells and the comprehensive tracking and comparison of the three dimensional seismic profiles in the whole area, three sequence interfaces of SB23.8, SB21 and SB17.5 in the Pearl River formation are identified. According to this, the Pearl River group is divided into two three order sequences (Pearl River group one and Pearl River group two), and in the two segment of the Pearl River group (SB21-SB17.5) FFS (initial sea pan surface) and MFS18.5 (the most sea surface) are identified, and the two segments of the Pearl River group are divided into low position, transgression and high system domain. The sequence development model under the control of slope break is constructed. The development of the Pearl River group a section in the study area is only developed in the study area, the development of the slope folds in the southeast is controlled, and the two section of the Pearl River group is on the land. Delta deposits in the slope area are developed, the slope fan deposits are developed under the control of the first order slope, and the two order slope break control the pelvic floor fan in the deep sea plain to deposit.3, and find out the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the sedimentary system of the Pearl River Group on the North Slope of Baiyun Sag, and set up two types of depositional modes, such as the Delta and the multi branch channel fan, in the north slope of the Baiyun sag. It is shown that the continental shelf marginal deltaic depositional system is the most typical of the western characteristics of the continental shelf, and mainly developed on the continental shelf margin Delta, the multi branch channel and the pelvic floor fan, and controlled by land. The marginal delta of the shelf is mainly from the northern point source, and the first step of the slope break control is to form a multi branch channel fan, and the multi branch channel fan is transported by three stages under the control of the two order slope to form the lower part of the pelvic floor fan, and the multi branch channel fan sedimentation system is typical in the eastern development and develops the continental shelf triangle. The continental shelf sand, the slope channel, the multi branch channel fan, the basin fan and the gray matter channel, etc., the continental shelf fringe delta is controlled by the continental shelf break from the northeast. Under the control of the first order slope break, two times through the high angle slope channel are transported to form the wide and large area fan body distribution. Under the control of the two order slope break, the multi branch channel fan deposited.4 in the pelvic floor fan which entered the deep sea plain under the control of the two order slope break. It revealed the main controlling factors of the spatial distribution of the sedimentary bodies of the Pearl River Formation in the north slope of the Baiyun sag: tectonic action, palaeogomorphology, source supply. (1) tectonic activity, and the 23.8-21Ma in the study area belongs to the period of the fault depression and the same subsidence. The activity index is relatively high and the activity index is generally high; during 21-17.5Ma, the fault activity in the whole area is obviously weakened, but under the regional tectonic setting of the continuous activity of a few faults, the "multi order tectonic slope belt" formed by the long-term active synsedimentary fault restricts the change of space in the basin filling; (2) paleogeomorphology and ancient land The appearance controls the sand dispersion system and phase differentiation in the low system domain. During the first period of the Pearl River group, the palaeogomorphic relief mainly controlled the slope fan deposits in the southeast, the two period of the Pearl River group, the palaeogomorphic relief increased, the continental shelf break was formed in the northern part of the study area, the Western source was controlled from the northwest and the east of the east from the East Sand and the northeast. The first order slope break control the multi branch channel fan and the two order slope to control the three times of the pelvic floor fan, and the western slope is obviously less than the eastern slope, so that more Delta "background source" sediments in the East are transported to the lower slope through the slope channel, and the scale of the multi branch channel fan and the pelvic floor fan in the East will be made in the East. And the range of distribution is larger than that in the West. (3) the supply of material source in the west is mainly sand rich filling in the north point source. Only in the river, the sand body content is high, the East is multi point - line source rich sand filling, the whole area sand body content is equal.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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